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16 results for “tropospheric ozone”
Investigation of spatial and temporal variability in lower tropospheric ozone from RAL Space UV-Vis satellite products - Dataset
<p>This data set represents a long-term (1996-2017) harmonised record of lower tropospheric ozone (surface - 450 hPa or surface - approximately 6 km) from satellite instruments. These instruments include the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-1, 1996–2002), the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY, 2003–2004) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI, 2005–2017). These original products were produced by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) Space using the retrieval scheme described by Miles et al., (2015 - doi:10.5194/amt-8-385-2015). Pre-print of accepted manuscript can be found at https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1172.</p>
Sensitivity experiment data using the CHASER chemical transport model for investigation of lower-tropospheric spring ozone enhancement over Hanoi
<p>This is the data from the numerical model experiment for investigating the relative importance of different emission source regions on the spring ozone enhancement in the lower troposphere over Hanoi, Vietnam. The details of the investigation are written in the paper by Ogino et al. (2022, Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmosphere, in revision).</p> <p><strong>Experiment description</strong></p> <p>We performed sensitivity experiments using the global chemical-transport model, CHASER (Sudo et al., 2002) with T42 horizontal resolution (approximately 2.8 degrees longitude × 2.8 degrees latitude) and 32 vertical layers from the surface up to 10 hPa in sigma coordinate. The two-hourly model outputs interpolated onto the constant pressure levels at 1000, 990, 970, 930, 870, 790, 700, 610, 530, 460, 400, 350, 300, 260, 230, 200, 176, 153, 133, 116, and 100 hPa were used in this study. Note that the updated model, MIROC-Chem (Miyazaki et al., 2017; Watanabe et al., 2011), includes more detailed chemical processes for both troposphere and stratosphere. Nevertheless, CHASER already includes the most important chemical processes in the NOx-CO-Ozone reactions and can be used to evaluate the impact of NOx emissions on ozone productions. In addition, the simulated ozone performance, as well as ozone response to NOx emissions, are comparable between CHASER and MIROC-Chem (Miyazaki et al., 2020). Thus, the results should not be sensitive to the choice of model.</p> <p>The surface emissions of major ozone precursors, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and nonmethane hydrocarbons, were included in the model based on the published emission inventories (the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) version 4.2 (EC-JRC/PBL, 2011), the monthly Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) version 3.1 (van der Werf et al., 2010), and monthly mean Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA) (Graedel et al., 1993)). We employed daily NOx and CO emissions that were optimized using the assimilation of satellite NO2 and CO measurements, where the a priori emissions were constructed based upon bottom-up emission inventories (Miyazaki et al., 2015; 2017). These emissions, including both anthropogenic and biomass burning components, used were obtained from the Tropospheric Chemistry Reanalysis version 1 (TCR-1, Miyazaki et al., 2015) and enabled us to evaluate the emission impacts for individual sources.</p> <p>In the sensitivity experiments, we eliminated the emissions of ozone precursors from the following three source regions: the Indian subcontinent, the northern Indochina Peninsula, and southern China. We conducted spin-up calculations with the optimized emissions for all regions (i.e., standard emissions) from January 1st to the end of February in each year for 10 years from 2005 to 2014. Then, we performed four types of experiments from March 1st to 21st: the control experiment with the standard emissions, and the three sensitivity experiments with the elimination of emission from the above-mentioned three regions, namely the Indian subcontinent, the northern Indochina, the southern China experiments. Because of the non-linear chemistry, the cumulative response from the sensitivity calculations can be different from the total ozone response in the control simulation to some extent as shown by the HTAP modeling works (Turnock et al., 2018; Wild et al., 2012). Nevertheless, they provided important information on the relative contributions of emission sources from different regions. The results of the sensitivity experiments will be compared with the control experiment to investigate the relative contributions of individual emission sources to the ozone enhancement over Hanoi.</p> <p><strong>Files</strong></p> <ul> <li>O3_Fullyear_[YYYY].nc: The 2-hourly data of ozone mixing ratio obtained in the control experiment from January 1 to December 31 in year [YYYY] from 2005 to 2014.</li> <li>[Param]_March_[YYYY].nc: The 2-hourly data obtained in the sensitivity experiment from Mar 1 to 21 in every year [YYYY] from 2005 to 2014. [Param] is one of the following: <ul> <li>O3_Control: Ozone mixing ratio in the control experiment</li> <li>O3_IndianSubcontinent: Ozone mixing ratio in the Indian Subcontinent experiment</li> <li>O3_NorthernIndochina: Ozone mixing ratio in the northern Indochina experiment</li> <li>O3_SouthernChina: Ozone mixing ratio in the southern China experiment</li> <li>CO: Carbon monoxide</li> <li>T: Temperature</li> <li>U: Zonal wind</li> </ul> </li> <li>CO_Emission.nc and NOx_Emission.nc: The monthly mean CO and NOx emissions from the surface used in the model experiments.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Contact</strong></p> <p>Shin-Ya Ogino<br> Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)<br> E-mail: ogino-sy@jamstec.go.jp</p>
Lifetimes and timescales of tropospheric ozone: Ozone emission experiments
<p>The lifetime of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> is difficult to quantify because we model O<sub>3</sub> as a secondary pollutant, without direct emissions. For other reactive greenhouse gases like CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, we readily model lifetimes and timescales that include chemical feedbacks based on direct emissions. Here, we devise a set of artificial experiments with a chemistry-transport model where O<sub>3</sub> is directly emitted into the atmosphere at a quantified rate. We create three primary emission patterns for O<sub>3</sub>, mimicking secondary production by surface industrial pollution, that by aviation, and primary injection through stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE). The perturbation lifetimes for these O<sub>3</sub> sources includes chemical feedbacks and varies from 6 to 27 days depending on source location and season. Previous studies derived lifetimes around 24 days estimated from the mean odd-oxygen loss frequency. The timescales for decay of excess O<sub>3</sub> varies from 10–20 days in NH summer to 30–40 days in NH winter. For each season, we identify a single O<sub>3</sub> chemical mode applying to all experiments. Understanding how O<sub>3</sub> sources accumulate (the lifetime) and disperse (decay timescale) provides some insight into how changes in pollution emissions, climate, and stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> depletion over this century will alter tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>. This work incidentally found two distinct mistakes in how we diagnose tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>, but not how we model it. First, the chemical pattern of an O<sub>3</sub> perturbation or decay mode does not resemble our traditional view of the odd-oxygen family of species that includes NO<sub>2</sub>. Instead, a positive O<sub>3</sub> perturbation is accompanied by a decrease in NO<sub>2</sub>. Second, heretofore we diagnosed the importance of STE flux to tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> with a synthetic 'tagged' tracer O3S, which had full stratospheric chemistry and linear tropospheric loss based on odd-oxygen loss rates. These O3S studies predicted that about 40 % of tropospheric O<sub>3</sub> was of stratospheric origin, but our lifetime and decay experiments show clearly that STE fluxes add about 8 % to tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>, providing further evidence that tagged tracers do not work when the tracer is a major species with chemical feedbacks on its loss rates, as shown for CH<sub>4</sub>. </p>
Lifetimes and timescales of tropospheric ozone: Ozone emission experiments
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UCI CTM model simulations used for deriving the spillover of tropospheric ozone into the stratosphere
<p>The world has made great strides in phasing out the halocarbons that drive ozone loss, such as the chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12. While living with the well-documented depletion of the ozone layer, we are now watching the slow recovery (increase) of stratospheric ozone over this century after our phaseout of halocarbon production and use. Projecting this recovery date also depends on the impact of other changing greenhouse gases on stratospheric chemistry as well as changes in tropospheric ozone. Both observations and models identify tropospheric ozone as increasing due to air-quality pollution in the lower atmosphere. Here, using a global chemistry-transport model, we find that this ozone increase carries over into the stratosphere at rates affecting the recovery expected from the decay of atmospheric halocarbons. This process is inherently included in our chemistry-climate models but is not diagnosed as such. The ozone assessments need to consider that what happens in the troposphere does not stay in the troposphere, complicating our interpretation of ozone changes over this century.</p>
Supporting data for: Ozone Formation Sensitivity to Precursors and Lightning in the Tropical Troposphere Based on Airborne Observations
<p>We provide here the supporting data for our study on ozone formation sensitivity in the upper tropical troposphere based on in situ observations. </p>
Investigation of satellite vertical sensitivity on long-term retrieved lower tropospheric ozone trends
<p>Regional time-series (monthly mean) of lower tropospheric column ozone (LTCO3; 0-6 km or surface to 450 hPa) between 2008 and 2017 from three satellite products and an Earth System Model (UKESM1.0 - https://ukesm.ac.uk/). The regions of focus are North America, Europe and East Asia based on the HTAP-2 land mask (https://htap.org/). The three satellite products are from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) (RAL Space - https://www.ralspace.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/Remote-Sensing.aspx), the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) FORLI (Fast Optimal Retrievals on Layers for IASI) scheme (https://iasi.aeris-data.fr/cos_iasi_b_arch/) and the IASI SOFRID (SOftware for Fast Retrievals of IASI Data) scheme (https://iasi-sofrid.sedoo.fr/). These data have been used to investigate long-term trends and investigation of satellite long-term discrepancies in retrieved LTCO3. The pre-print of the relevant manuscript can be found at https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3109. </p>
UCI CTM model simulations used for deriving the spillover of tropospheric ozone into the stratosphere
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Stratospheric ozone depletion and tropospheric ozone increases drive Southern Ocean interior warming
<p>Codes and processed variables to generate Figures 1-6.</p>
Supporting data for: What controls ozone sensitivity in the upper tropical troposphere?
<p>We provide here the supporting dataset for our study on ozone sensitivity in the upper tropical troposphere.</p>
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Tropospheric Ozone Column V2 (S5P_L2__O3_TCL) at GES DISC
Starting from July 13th in 2020, five Sentinel-5P TROPOMI level-2 products including total and tropospheric column ozone, sulfur dioxide, CLOUD, and formaldehyde have been generated in processor version 2.For data before July 13 of 2020, please check S5P_L2__O3_TCL_1 data collection.The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions.Copernicus Sentinel-5P tropospheric ozone data products are retrieved by the convective-cloud-differential (CCD) algorithm to derive the tropospheric ozone columns and by the cloud slicing algorithm (CSA) to derive mean upper tropospheric ozone volume mixing ratios above the clouds. The S5P_TROPOZ_CCD algorithm uses TROPOMI Level-2 ozone column measurements and the cloud parameters provided by the S5P_CLOUD_OCRA and S5P_CLOUD_ROCINN, the average values of the tropospheric ozone columns below 270 hpa can be determined. The S5P_TROPOZ_CSA algorithm uses the correlation between could top pressure and the ozone column above the cloud. The retrieval depends on the amount of measurements with a high cloud cover. The products are restricted in the tropical region (-20 degrees to 20 degrees of latitude).The main outputs of the Copernicus S5P/TROPOMI tropospheric ozone product include the tropospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, upper tropospheric ozone and corresponding errors, stratospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, and the retrieval quality flags. The data are stored in an enhanced netCDF-4 format.
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Tropospheric Ozone Column V1 (S5P_L2__O3_TCL) at GES DISC
Starting from July 13th in 2020, five Sentinel-5P TROPOMI level-2 products including total and tropospheric column ozone, sulfur dioxide, CLOUD, and formaldehyde have been generated in processor version 2.For data after July 2nd of 2020, please check S5P_L2__O3_TCL_2 data collection.The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions.Copernicus Sentinel-5P tropospheric ozone data products are retrieved by the convective-cloud-differential (CCD) algorithm to derive the tropospheric ozone columns and by the cloud slicing algorithm (CSA) to derive mean upper tropospheric ozone volume mixing ratios above the clouds. The S5P_TROPOZ_CCD algorithm uses TROPOMI Level-2 ozone column measurements and the cloud parameters provided by the S5P_CLOUD_OCRA and S5P_CLOUD_ROCINN, the average values of the tropospheric ozone columns below 270 hpa can be determined. The S5P_TROPOZ_CSA algorithm uses the correlation between could top pressure and the ozone column above the cloud. The retrieval depends on the amount of measurements with a high cloud cover. The products are restricted in the tropical region (-20 degrees to 20 degrees of latitude).The main outputs of the Copernicus S5P/TROPOMI tropospheric ozone product include the tropospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, upper tropospheric ozone and corresponding errors, stratospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, and the retrieval quality flags. The data are stored in an enhanced netCDF-4 format.
DSCOVR EPIC Level 4 Tropospheric Ozone
EPIC Tropospheric Ozone Data ProductThe Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) on the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft provides measurements of Earth-reflected radiances from the entire sunlit portion of the Earth. The measurements from four EPIC UV (Ultraviolet) channels reconstruct global distributions of total ozone. The tropospheric ozone columns (TCO) are then derived by subtracting independently measured stratospheric ozone columns from the EPIC total ozone. TCO data product files report gridded synoptic maps of TCO measured over the sunlit portion of the Earth disk on a 1-2 hour basis. Sampling times for these hourly TCO data files are the same as for the EPIC L2 total ozone product. Version 1.0 of the TCO product is based on Version 3 of the EPIC L1 product and the Version 3 Total Ozone Column Product. The stratospheric columns were derived from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) ozone fields (Gelaro et al., 2017).In contrast to the EPIC total ozone maps that are reported at a high spatial resolution of 18 × 18 km2 near the center of the image, the TCO maps are spatially averaged over several EPIC pixels and written on a regular spatial grid (1° latitude x 1° longitude). Kramarova et al. (2021) describe the EPIC TCO product and its evaluation against independent sonde and satellite measurements. Table 1 lists all of the variables included in the TCO product files. Ozone arrays in the product files are integrated vertical columns in Dobson Units (DU; 1 DU = 2.69×1020 molecules m-2).Filename ConventionThe TCO product files are formatted HDF5 and represent a Level-4 (L4) product. The filenames have the following naming convention:”DSCOVR_EPIC_L4_TrO3_01_YYYYMMDDHHMMSS_03.h5” Where “TrO3” means tropospheric column ozone, “01” means that this is version 01 for this product, “YYYYMMDDHHMMSS” is the UTC measurement time with “YYYY” for year (2015-present), “MM” for month (01-12), “DD” for day of the month (1-31), and “HHMMSS” denotes hours-minutes-seconds, and “03” signifies that v3 L1b measurements were used to derive the EPIC total ozone and consequently TCO.Column Weighting Function AdjustmentThere are two TCO gridded arrays in each hourly data file for the user to choose from; one is denoted TroposphericColumnOzone, and the other is TroposphericColumnOzoneAdjusted. The latter TCO array includes an adjustment to correct for reduced sensitivity of the EPIC UV measurements in detecting ozone in the low troposphere/boundary layer. The adjustment depended on latitude and season and was derived using simulated tropospheric ozone from the GEOS-Replay model (Strode et al. 2020) constrained by the MERRA-2 meteorology through the replay method. Our analysis (Kramarova et al., 2021) indicated that the adjusted TCO array is more accurate and precise. Flagging Bad DataKramarova et al. (2021) note that the preferred EPIC total ozone measurements used for scientific study are those where the L2 “AlgorithmFlag” parameter equals 1, 101, or 111. In this TCO product, we have included only L2 total ozone pixels with these algorithm flag values. The TCO product files provide a gridded version of the AlgorithmFlag parameter as a comparison reference. Still, it is not needed by the user for applying data quality filtering.Another parameter in the EPIC L2 total ozone files for filtering questionable data is the “ErrorFlag.” The TCO product files include a gridded version of this ErrorFlag parameter that the user should apply. Only TCO-gridded pixels with an ErrorFlag value of zero should be used.TCO measurements at high satellite-look angles and/or high solar zenith angles should also be filtered out for analysis. The TCO files include a gridded version of the satellite look angle and the solar zenith angle denoted as “SatelliteLookAngle” and “SolarZenithAngle,” respectively. For scientific applications, users should filter TCO array data and use only pixels with SatelliteLookAngle and SolarZenithAngle < 70° to avoid retrieval errors near the Earth view edge. In summary, filtering the TCO arrays is optional, but for scientific analysis, we recommend applying the following two filters: (1) filter out all gridded pixels where ErrorFlag ≠ 0; (2) filter out all pixels where SatelliteLookAngle or SolarZenithAngle > 70°.Summary of the Derivation of the tropospheric column ozone productWe briefly summarize the derivation of EPIC TCO, stratospheric column ozone, and tropopause pressure. An independent measure of the stratospheric column ozone is needed to derive EPIC TCO. We use MERRA-2 ozone fields (Gelaro et al., 2017) to derive stratospheric ozone columns subtracted from EPIC total ozone (TOZ) to obtain TCO. The MERRA-2 data assimilation system ingests Aura OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) v8.5 total ozone and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) v4.2 stratospheric ozone profiles to produce global synoptic maps of profile ozone from the surface to the top of the a
SAFARI 2000 TOMS Tropospheric Ozone Data, Southern Africa Subset, Dry Season 2000
Tropical Tropospheric Ozone (TTO) data from Earth Probe (EP) Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) for the period of August 8-September 29, 2000 were processed and provided by the Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch at NASA/GSFC for the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Aircraft Campaign.The TTO measurement is derived from TOMS total ozone (Thompson and Hudson, 1999; Thompson et al., 2001) using the modified-residual method to separate stratospheric ozone from tropospheric ozone. The tropospheric ozone column thickness is reported in Dobson Units (DU).EP TOMS is currently the only NASA spacecraft on orbit specializing in ozone retrieval. EP TOMS was launched in 1996 into an orbit 500 km rather than the 950 km that was originally planned. The Earth Probe satellite was boosted to 740 km in 1997 when the ADEOS satellite failed. The lower orbit of EP TOMS decreased the size of the footprint of each measurement, which increased the resolution and also increased the ability to make measurements over cloudless scenes. This orbit was chosen to improve the ability of the TOMS instrument to make measurements of UV-absorbing aerosols in the troposphere and enhanced the capability of converting the TOMS aerosol measurements into geophysical quantities such as optical depth. Tropospheric aerosols play a major role in the Earth's climate and the capability to measure them from a TOMS instrument had recently been developed using data from Nimbus-7 and Meteor-3 TOMS.The TOMS Tropospheric Ozone data are 9-day averaged, gridded (1-degree by 2-degree) ASCII products. There is also a GIF image of each data file.
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near-Real-Time (NRT) Tropospheric Ozone Column V2 (S5P_L2__O3_TCL_NRT) at GES DISC
The Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near Real Time (NRT) Tropospheric Ozone Column V2 (S5P_L2__O3_TCL_NRT) at GES DISC is the near real time version of the offline S5P_L2__O3_TCL product. These data are typically available within three hours of measurement as required by the Land Atmosphere NRT Capability Earth Observing System (LANCE). These data are intended for a rapid turnaround assessment and are only archived for up to ten days. Users who require a longer data record, or wish to conduct rigorous analysis should use the offline version of this product S5P_L2__O3_TCL. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. Copernicus Sentinel-5P tropospheric ozone data products are retrieved by the convective-cloud-differential (CCD) algorithm to derive the tropospheric ozone columns and by the cloud slicing algorithm (CSA) to derive mean upper tropospheric ozone volume mixing ratios above the clouds. The S5P_TROPOZ_CCD algorithm uses TROPOMI Level-2 ozone column measurements and the cloud parameters provided by the S5P_CLOUD_OCRA and S5P_CLOUD_ROCINN, the average values of the tropospheric ozone columns below 270 hpa can be determined. The S5P_TROPOZ_CSA algorithm uses the correlation between could top pressure and the ozone column above the cloud. The retrieval depends on the amount of measurements with a high cloud cover. The products are restricted in the tropical region (-20 degrees to 20 degrees of latitude). The main outputs of the Copernicus S5P/TROPOMI tropospheric ozone product include the tropospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, upper tropospheric ozone and corresponding errors, stratospheric ozone column and corresponding errors, and the retrieval quality flags. The data are stored in an enhanced netCDF-4 format. Data are stored in individual files, or granules, that contain one orbit of information. The data are stored in netCDF4 data format and files and complete files are ~20 MB.
Central role of nitric oxide in ozone production in the upper tropical troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean and West Africa
<p>The two files include observed and simulated data for the CAFE-Africa campaign. The data are available to all scientists agreeing to the CAFE-Africa data protocol.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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