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66 results for “tunicates”
Aligned Cox1 and Cob sequences from Oikopleura dioica and other tunicates.
<p>Supporting data for the manuscript « <em>Widespread use of the “ascidian” mitochondrial genetic code in tunicates</em> » containing a) assemblies of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) and cytochrome b (Cob) mitochondrial genes from ESTs downloaded from the Oikobase database and b) protein alignment of these sequences and other tunicate sequences to study which genetic code is used in tunicate mitochondria.</p>
Pelagic Tunicates of the Santos Basin
<p>The data are part of the Environmental Characterization Project of the Santos Basin, funded by Petrobras. They were collected through stratified oblique trawls using a net with a mesh size of 200 micrometers, from the surface to depths of up to 2400 meters throughout the Santos Basin. A total of 29 species of pelagic tunicates from both classes of the group (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) were found. These data were published in the journal <em>Marine Biodiversity</em> under the DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01494-w" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-024-01494-w</a>.</p>
Data for Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates
<p>Model results and observational validation data for "Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates." </p> <p> </p> <p>Model outputs for 1) the COBALTv2 control simulation, 2) the GZ-COBALT base simulation, and the five sensitivity experiments in the following files:</p> <p> </p> <p>Model grid and area fields</p> <ul> <li><em>ocean_annual_static.nc</em></li> <li><em>ocean_static.nc</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly ocean surface fields</p> <ul> <li>Nitrate, phosphate, silica, chlorophyll</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_sfc.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly water column integrated fields</p> <ul> <li>primary production</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_2d.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly 100-m integrated tracer fields</p> <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicate, bacteria</li> <li>Dissolved organic nitrogen</li> <li>Nitrogen detritus</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_tracers_int.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly 100-m integrated fluxes</p> <ul> <li>Production of: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicate, bacteria</li> </ul> </li> <li>Loss to zooplankton from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, diazotrophs, bacteria, small and medium zooplankton, small and large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Aggregation loss from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Injestion by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators</li> </ul> </li> <li>Detritus production by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators</li> </ul> </li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fluxes_int_1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Monthly detritus fluxes past 100-m:</p> <ul> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fdet_100.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Annual 3-D tracers:</p> <ul> <li>Phytoplankton and zooplankton carbon</li> <li>Mesozooplankton and tunicate carbon</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_tracers_year_z_1988-2007.nc</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Observational data compilation in 1-degree grid cells:</p> <ul> <li>Data compilation of small tunicates (appendicularians, mg C m<sup>-3</sup>) and large tunicates (thaliaceans, mg C m<sup>-3</sup>) as described in the Luo et al. publication. </li> <li>Mesozooplankton from the COPEPOD carbon biomass dataset in mg C m<sup>-3</sup> (Moriarty and O'Brien 2012).</li> <li>The chlorophyll growing season mean (from GlobColour data product, blended in the Southern Ocean with Johnson et al. 2013), in units of mg Chl m<sup>-3</sup>.</li> <li>The tunicate column is a simple addition of the appendicularian + thaliacean column, assuming missing values are zero (use with caution). </li> <li>Please note that these values <strong><em>do not </em></strong>incorporate the 10x biomass adjustment from net-based sampling; this must be added in afterwards.</li> <li><em>ObsCompilation_SmLgTunicates_Mesozooplankton.csv</em></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>See the below publication for more details:</p> <p><strong>Luo, Jessica Y., </strong>Stock, C. A., Henschke, N., Dunne, J. P., O'Brien, T. D., Global ecological and biogeochemical impacts of pelagic tunicates. <em>Progress in Oceanography</em>. (2022) doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102822">10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102822</a></p>
Linked collectors and determiners for: The tunicates collection (IT) of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN - Paris).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The tunicates collection (IT) of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN - Paris)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/4b6f0569-9925-4a42-84a0-7d4ff5d13593">https://bionomia.net/dataset/4b6f0569-9925-4a42-84a0-7d4ff5d13593</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/4b6f0569-9925-4a42-84a0-7d4ff5d13593">https://gbif.org/dataset/4b6f0569-9925-4a42-84a0-7d4ff5d13593</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Tunicates collection (TSZT) The Arctic University Museum of Norway.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Tunicates collection (TSZT) The Arctic University Museum of Norway". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/d391c193-0fc0-4a96-bdac-6043dd9516d1">https://bionomia.net/dataset/d391c193-0fc0-4a96-bdac-6043dd9516d1</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/d391c193-0fc0-4a96-bdac-6043dd9516d1">https://gbif.org/dataset/d391c193-0fc0-4a96-bdac-6043dd9516d1</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data for Ocean biogeochemical fingerprints of fast-sinking tunicate and fish detritus
<p>Model results for the manuscript, "Ocean biogeochemical fingerprints of fast-sinking tunicate and fish detritus", under peer review at <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>.</p> <p> </p> <p>Model outputs for: <br>1) the GZ-COBALT control simulation, <br>2) the GZ-COBALT simulation with fast-sinking tunicate detritus only, <br>3) the GZ-COBALT simulation with fast-sinking fish ("hp") detritus only, and<br>4) the GZ-COBALT simulation with both fast-sinking tunicate and fish ("hp") detritus.</p> <p> </p> <p>The following files are included for all 4 simulations:</p> <p> </p> <p>Model grid and area fields</p> <ul> <li><em>ocean_annual_static.nc</em></li> <li><em>ocean_static.nc</em></li> </ul> <p>Monthly 100-m integrated fluxes (in Nitrogen unless specified otherwise; a Redfield C:N ratio is used)</p> <ul> <li>Aggregation loss from: <ul> <li>Small and large phytoplankton, large tunicates</li> </ul> </li> <li>Detritus production by: <ul> <li>Small, medium, and large zooplankton, small and large tunicates, higher predators (hp)</li> </ul> </li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fluxes_int_1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p>Other monthly 100-m integrated fluxes</p> <ul> <li>Carbon detritus sinking flux past 100-m</li> <li>Integrated primary production</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_2d.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p>Monthly detritus fluxes past 100-m:</p> <ul> <li>Nitrogen detritus sinking flux past 100-m</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_fdet_100.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p>Monthly bottom fluxes:</p> <ul> <li>Nitrogen detritus sinking flux to bottom</li> <li>Nitrogen detritus burial flux</li> <li>Sediment oxic remineralization flux of nitrogen detritus</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_btm.1988-2007.clim.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p>Annual 3-D tracers:</p> <ul> <li>Nitrate</li> <li>Dissolved oxygen</li> <li>Phosphate</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_tracers_year_z_1988-2007.nc</em></li> </ul> <p>Annual 3-D fluxes:</p> <ul> <li>Carbon detritus sinking flux</li> <li><em>[expt]_ocean_cobalt_omip_rates_year_z_1988-2007.nc</em></li> </ul> <p>Hypoxic volume time series:</p> <ul> <li>Total volume of water below 60 mmol O2</li> <li>Total volume of water below 5 mmol O2</li> <li><em>[expt]_hypoxicVolume.ts.tar.gz</em></li> </ul> <p>Note that files ending in <em>.tar.gz</em> need to be unzipped and extracted first. All data files are in netCDF format.</p> <p> </p> <p>Python codes for reproducing the figures in the manuscript are available on github: <a href="https://github.com/jessluo/gz_COBALT_fastPOC_analysis">https://github.com/jessluo/gz_COBALT_fastPOC_analysis</a></p>
Pinpointing genetic breaks in the southeastern Pacific: phylogeography and genetic structure of Pyura chilensis, a commercially important tunicate
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Accurate characterization of evolutionary units (species or populations) underlies all ecological and evolutionary studies and is crucial to conservation planning. Seascapes have long been thought to be highly permeable to gene flow, yet over the last decade building evidence has shown that barriers to gene flow in marine environments are much more common than previously thought. Here, we precisely characterize barriers to gene flow in the tunicate Pyura chilensis across 26° of latitude in the southeastern Pacific, assess the magnitude of said barriers, and explore their congruence with current biogeographic patterns of this region.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: The southeastern Pacific (SEP), from Ilo, Perú (17ºS) to Chiloe, Chile (43ºS).</p> <p><strong>Taxon: </strong><em>Pyura chilensis</em></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We used a combination of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and a 540 bp fragment of the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) to compare individuals sampled at 26 localities spanning approximately 2500 km of the SEP. Genetic diversity was analyzed using Bayesian clustering, haplotype networks, Isolation by Distance, and cline models. Coalescent simulators were used to estimate migration rates.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The results from both the microsatellite and COI markers indicate the presence of two genetic discontinuities: one at 34°S and one at 39°S which coincide with genetic breaks reported for other species. Interestingly, we were able to determine that genetic transitions occur abruptly and within short geographic distances (~ 30 km) compared with previous studies of this tunicate. Coalescent simulations indicate the 34ºS break is less permeable than the 39ºS break, and gene flow appears to be mostly unidirectional from north to south.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Our results support other studies that show that seascapes are complex, and also highlight the importance of accurately sampling distribution ranges when making conclusions about gene flow. Overall, the two main biogeographic barriers to gene flow characterized in the southeastern Pacific are not homogenously permeable and can be narrow (< 30 km). These results are relevant for the management of fisheries in this region and specifically for this commercially important species.</p>
The microbiome of the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri: A potential link between the grazing and microbial food web
<p>Bloom-forming gelatinous zooplankton occur circumglobally and significantly influence the structure of pelagic marine food webs and biogeochemical cycling through interactions with microbial communities. During bloom conditions especially, gelatinous zooplankton are keystone taxa that help determine the fate of primary production, nutrient remineralization, and carbon export. Using the pelagic tunicate <em>Dolioletta gegenbauri</em> as a model system for gelatinous zooplankton, we carried out a laboratory-based feeding experiment to investigate the potential ecosystem impacts of doliolid gut microbiomes and microbial communities associated with doliolid fecal pellets and the surrounding seawater. Targeted metabarcoding (16S rRNA genes recovering Bacteria/Archaea) and qPCR approaches were used to characterize microbiome assemblages. Comparison between sample types revealed distinct patterns in microbial diversity and biomass that were replicable across experiments. These observations support the hypothesis that through their presence and trophic activity, doliolids influence the structure of pelagic food webs and biogeochemical cycling in subtropical continental shelf systems where tunicate blooms are common. Bacteria associated with starved doliolids (representative of the resident gut microbiome) possessed distinct low-biomass and low-diversity microbial assemblages, suggesting that the doliolid microbiome is optimized to support a detrital trophic mode. Bacterial genera <em>Pseudoalteromomas</em> and <em>Shimia</em> were the most abundant potential core microbiome taxa, similar to patterns observed in other marine invertebrates. Exploratory bioinformatic analyses of predicted functional genes suggest that doliolids, via their interactions with bacterial communities, may affect important biogeochemical processes including nitrogen, sulfur, and organic matter cycling.</p>
Marble torso of youth wearing a lond tunic
Sculpture founded in Temple of Athena Polias in Priene situated on western Turkey. Sculpture located in British Museum. Model by Oskar Kubrak. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fig. 8 in The cytotoxic activity of Sponges and Tunicates from Turkish Aegean Sea
Fig. 8 — Microscopic images of PC-3 cells treated with extracts for 24 h (Scale bar: 100 µm)
Fig. 7 in The cytotoxic activity of Sponges and Tunicates from Turkish Aegean Sea
Fig. 7 — Cell viability of PC-3 cell line with various extract concentrations treatment for 24 h
Fig. 6 in The cytotoxic activity of Sponges and Tunicates from Turkish Aegean Sea
Fig. 6 — Microscopic images of SH-SY5Y cells treated with extracts for 24 h (Scale bar: 200 µm)
Fig. 4 in The cytotoxic activity of Sponges and Tunicates from Turkish Aegean Sea
Fig. 4 — Microscopic images of AGS cells treated with extracts for 24 h (Scale bar: 200 µm)
Fig. 5 in The cytotoxic activity of Sponges and Tunicates from Turkish Aegean Sea
Fig. 5 — Cell viability of SH-SY5Y cell line with various extract concentrations treatment for 24 h
Fig. 3 in The cytotoxic activity of Sponges and Tunicates from Turkish Aegean Sea
Fig. 3 — Cell viability of AGS cell line with various extract concentrations treatment for 24 h
Fig. 2 in The cytotoxic activity of Sponges and Tunicates from Turkish Aegean Sea
Fig. 2 — Microscopic images of L929 cells treated with extracts for 24 h (Scale bar: 200 µm)
Fig. 1 in The cytotoxic activity of Sponges and Tunicates from Turkish Aegean Sea
Fig. 1 — Cell viability of L929 cell line with various extract concentrations treatment for 24 h
The Thorsberg tunic – 3D reconstruction
The tunic (Archäologisches Landesmuseum Schleswig, inv. no.F.S. 3683) is made from high quality woollen diamond twill cloth. Four panels make up the garment: one for the back and one for the front, and two for the sleeves. The reconstruction was made by using the original cutting pattern. The panels were sewn together and put on the mannequin in Clo3D software, textured in Substance Painter and post-processed in 3dsMax. For further details see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2021.03.003 The authors of the reconstruction are Martijn A. Wijnhoven (VU University Amsterdam), Aleksei Moskvin & Mariia Moskvina (Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design). Please follow us on "Academia" to receive updates on our latest reconstructions and surprising discoveries. https://vu-nl.academia.edu/MartijnAWijnhoven https://independent.academia.edu/AlekseiMoskvin https://independent.academia.edu/MariiaMoskvina http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19139.73760 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The microbiome of the pelagic tunicate Dolioletta gegenbauri: A potential link between the grazing and microbial food web
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Pinpointing genetic breaks in the southeastern Pacific: phylogeography and genetic structure of Pyura chilensis, a commercially important tunicate
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