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9 results for “umbrella species”
A decadal study reveals that restoration guided by an umbrella species does not reach target levels
<p>Maintaining structural and functional elements of ecosystems are essential in order to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem function. As a means of guiding conservation work, the umbrella species concept was developed. In Sweden, one putative umbrella species, the white-backed woodpecker, has guided conservation and restoration of deciduous forests for two decades.</p> <p>Here, we evaluate the decadal effects of restoration aimed at the white-backed woodpecker on biodiversity of saproxylic beetles. We compare stands that were restored twelve to twenty-one years ago to non-restored stands and historical white-backed woodpecker habitats acting as restoration target stands.</p> <p>Restored stands contained higher deciduous deadwood volumes than non-restored stands but lower volumes than restoration target stands. The deadwood in restored stands was concentrated in later decay stages whereas target stand deadwood was more evenly distributed across decay stages.</p> <p>Restored stands had similar species richness and abundance of most groups of saproxylic beetles compared with non-restored stands while not reaching the levels of restoration target stands. Species assemblages differed among all stand types with restored stands supporting late decay stage and generalist species while target stands supported more deciduous associated and threatened species. 5. Synthesis and applications: We conclude that after one to two decades, restoration improve stand structure and benefit beetle diversity but that target levels are not yet reached. Thus, only partial restoration is achieved. Our results stress that for restoration to be successful both continuous and repeated restoration efforts are needed and that it is important to identify target levels of important habitat characteristics when assessing restoration outcome.</p>
Impacts of umbrella species management on non-target species
<p>Restoration of anthropogenically altered habitats has often focused on management for umbrella species—vulnerable species whose conservation is thought to benefit co-occurring species. Woody plant encroachment is a form of habitat alteration occurring in grasslands and shrublands around the globe, driven by anthropogenic shifts in disturbance regimes. One pervasive threat to historically widespread sagebrush communities is conifer expansion, which outcompetes sagebrush and can negatively affect sagebrush-obligate animal species. Degradation and loss of sagebrush plant communities in western North America have been associated with drastic declines in wildlife populations. The imperiled Greater Sage-Grouse is assumed to be an umbrella species for the sagebrush community, so habitat restoration, including removal of encroaching conifers, is commonly targeted toward sage-grouse. How this conservation action affects the demography of species other than age grouse is largely unknown. We quantified the demographic effects of landscape-level restoration of sagebrush communities through conifer removal on an assemblage of sagebrush-obligate, shrubland generalist, and woodland-associated songbirds. We compared songbird density and reproduction between adjacent restored and uncut conifer-encroached sagebrush plots in southwest Montana. We found and monitored nests to record nest fate and number of offspring produced. We found demographic benefits for sagebrush-obligate species in restored areas. Sage Thrashers colonized restored areas. Brewer's Sparrow density was 39% higher and nest success was 63% higher in removal treatments, resulting in 119% higher fledgling production compared with uncut areas. The density of Vesper Sparrows, a shrubland generalist, was 308% higher, and fledgling production was 660% higher in restored areas. Another shrubland generalist, the White-crowned Sparrow, experienced 55% lower density and 37% lower fledgling production in conifer removal areas. Two woodland-associated species, Chipping Sparrows and Dark-eyed Juncos were nearly extirpated following conifer removal. A third woodland-associated species, the Green-tailed Towhee, experienced 57% lower density and 69% lower fledgling production in removal than in non-removal areas.</p> <p><strong>Synthesis and applications: </strong>Our study demonstrates the benefits of conifer removal for sagebrush-obligate species while highlighting species that may be sensitive. Umbrella species management can benefit co-occurring species with similar habitat associations, but demographic analyses for all impacted species are essential for effective conservation.</p>
Species as conservation umbrellas: a case study with lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in the southern Great Plains of North America
<p><span>Qualitative index of conservation benefit conferred by management for the lesser prairie chicken on non-target at-risk wildlife species.</span></p>
Species as conservation umbrellas: a case study with lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) in the southern Great Plains of North America
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A decadal study reveals that restoration guided by an umbrella species does not reach target levels
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Impacts of umbrella species management on non-target species
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Data from: A test of the umbrella species approach in restored floodplain ponds.
1.The umbrella species approach, where conservation actions targeted for one or a group of species should benefit the broader community, may provide an effective framework to guide habitat restoration. This requires congruence in the response of umbrella and co-occurring species to environmental stress and recovery, and the identification of potential mechanisms by which co-occurring species benefit from conservation of an umbrella species. 2.Past evaluations of this approach have considered only the presence/absence of umbrella species. In addition to presence/absence, we quantified abundance and biomass of both umbrella and co-occurring species to support a more quantitative evaluation of species co-occurrence. Floodplain ponds are restored in British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest to benefit coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, a presumptive umbrella species. To test its effectiveness as an umbrella species, we assessed the relationships between species richness, abundance and biomass of aquatic vertebrates, including vertebrates of conservation concern ("listed"), and benthic invertebrates and the abundance and biomass of juvenile coho. We used ordination to evaluate relationships between species' abundance and biomass and environmental attributes. 3.Positive relationships were identified between coho abundance and biomass and species richness, abundance and biomass of fish and listed species. These relationships were negative for benthic invertebrates. Listed species were located close to coho in ordinations, suggesting they respond to similar environmental features while benthic invertebrates clustered away from coho. 4.Synthesis and applications. We found that where our umbrella species coho is most productive, so are other listed species and fish in general, a relationship that would not have been evident had we evaluated species richness alone. We also reported strong relationships between some environmental features manipulated in the habitat restoration and the presence and productivity of coho and co-occurring species. Our study demonstrates the umbrella species approach has potential to guide habitat restoration when there is congruence in the response of umbrella and co-occurring species to environmental attributes that can be manipulated in the restoration. Where this is possible, one can use restoration designed for one or several umbrella species and successfully restore habitats that are viable for other species, including listed species.
Data from: A test of the umbrella species approach in restored floodplain ponds.
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Data from: Evaluating interspecific niche overlaps in environmental and geographic spaces to assess the value of umbrella species
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OpenNeuro
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