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156 results for “underground”
Habitatquarries: distribution of underground marl quarries in the Flemish Region and border areas, with the Flemish distribution of Natura 2000 habitat type 8310
<p><strong>General</strong></p> <p>The data source is a geospatial collection of polygons that correspond with the presence or absence of the Natura 2000 Annex I habitat type 8310 (Caves not open to the public) in the Flemish Region (and border areas), Belgium. </p> <p>The dataset contains all known, not collapsed, underground marl quarries in Flanders. Several of these quarries have their entrance in or run underground to the neighboring regions/countries.</p> <p>In general, different polygons represent different quarry units with their own internal climatic environment. Units that cross Flemish borders have been split into separate polygons. Exceptionally they may overlap if such units are situated above each other. </p> <p>For safety reasons, the dataset only contains the contour of the quarries, and no details like floor plans or entrances. For admission to research the indoor climate, please contact the Quarries and Safety Department of the municipality of Riemst (<a href="https://www.riemst.be/nl/wonen/groeven">https://www.riemst.be/nl/wonen/groeven</a>; <a href="mailto:mike.lahaye@riemst.be">mike.lahaye@riemst.be</a>).</p> <p>The data source is produced, owned and administered by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO, a scientific institute of the Flemish government).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Technical aspects</strong></p> <p>The data source is a GeoPackage that contains:</p> <ul> <li> <p>a spatial polygon layer ‘<code>habitatquarries</code>’ in the Belgian Lambert 72 coordinate reference system (EPSG-code <a href="https://epsg.io/31370">31370</a>);</p> </li> <li> <p>a non-spatial table ‘<code>extra_references</code>’ with site-specific bibliographic references.</p> </li> </ul> <p>The data source has been based on an unpublished shapefile used in De Saeger & Lahaye (2019) and on a BibTeX bibliography file. See R-code in the GitHub repository <a href="https://github.com/inbo/n2khab-preprocessing/tree/c0821eb/src/generate_habitatquarries">'n2khab-preprocessing' at commit c0821eb</a> for the creation.</p> <p>A reading function to return <code>habitatquarries</code> (this data source) in a standardized way into the R environment is provided by the R-package <a href="https://inbo.github.io/n2khab/">n2khab</a>.</p> <p>The attributes of the spatial polygon layer ‘<code>habitatquarries</code>’ are: </p> <ul> <li> <p><code>polygon_id</code>: a unique number per polygon; </p> </li> <li> <p><code>unit_id</code>: a unique number for each quarry unit. Quarry units consisting of several polygons (= partly outside the Flemish region) have a number greater than 100;</p> </li> <li> <p><code>name</code>: name of the site;</p> </li> <li> <p><code>habitattype</code>: either:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>8310</code> (habitat type 8310)</p> </li> <li> <p><code>gh</code> (no Natura 2000 type)</p> </li> <li> <p>missing (outside of the Flemish Region);</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>extra_reference</code>: extra reference with more information.</p> </li> </ul> <p>The non-spatial table <code>extra_references</code> provides the bibliography referred to by the spatial attribute <code>extra_reference</code>. It was derived from a BibTeX bibliography file by using the R-package <a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/bib2df">bib2df</a>, and it is back-convertible into one (see R-package <a href="https://inbo.github.io/n2khab/">n2khab</a>). The original bibliography file is also available in the above linked ‘n2khab-preprocessing’ repository.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group SF1.1 Underground streams and pools
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>SF1.1 Underground streams and pools</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Demonstration of the GOLDEN Artificial Intelligence (AI) GUI - Artificial Intelligence Platform for mine site monitoring (Underground Extraction, Pyhäsalmi (Finland)).
<p>Demonstration of the GOLDEN Artificial Intelligence (AI) GUI - Artificial Intelligence Platform for mine site monitoring in the Underground Extraction (mine located at Pyhäsalmi (Finland)) (2D view mode).</p> <p>Accessing the GOLDENAI GUI, please refer to the following link (<strong>login required</strong>): <a href="https://next-gui.goldenai.opt-net.eu/ ">https://next-gui.goldenai.opt-net.eu/ </a></p>
Geochemical characterization of mineral particulate aggregates and associated biomass collected in boreholes at the Soudan Underground Mine State Park, Soudan, MN, USA.
Mineral and biological samples were collected from boreholes on the 27th level of the Soudan Underground Mine State Park, Soudan, MN, USA. These samples were characterized in order to describe the biogeochemical cycling of iron and sulfur in the crustal regions accessed by the mine's boreholes as well as the microbial communities supported by and responsible for that biogeochemical cycling. The mineral samples were characterized through X-ray diffraction and Fe XANES, the microbial biomass associated with the mineral aggregates was characterized through C XANES, and the microbial community was characterized through the assembly of metagenomes.
Fig. 2. A. D in Three new species of Dolichoiulus millipedes from the underground of Gran Canaria, with notes on the circumscription of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
Fig. 2. A. D. typhlocanaria sp. nov., male from Cueva de la Luna, midbody rings. Scale 0.1 mm. B. D. oromii sp. nov., detail of posterior margin of midbody ring, showing diagnostic setae. Scale 0.05 mm.
Fig. 4. Posterior gonopods, mesal views. A. D in Three new species of Dolichoiulus millipedes from the underground of Gran Canaria, with notes on the circumscription of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
Fig. 4. Posterior gonopods, mesal views. A. D. typhlocanaria sp. nov., specimen from Barranco Draguillo. B. D. typhlocanaria sp. nov., specimen from Cueva de la Luna. C. D. oromii sp. nov. ap: anterior process, pp: posterior process, mp: mesomerital process. Scales 0.1 mm.
Fig. 1 in Three new species of Dolichoiulus millipedes from the underground of Gran Canaria, with notes on the circumscription of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
Fig. 1. Size diagram for Dolichoiulus typhlocanaria sp. nov. The diagram shows number of podous (leg-bearing) body rings (p.r., x axis) and vertical body diameter in mm (y axis). For a given number of podous rings D. typhlocanaria sp. nov. is thicker than the two other species (see Fig. 5), and females are thicker than males.
Naked mole rats have distinctive cardiometabolic and genetic adaptations to their underground low-oxygen lifestyles (non-genetic data)
<p>The naked mole-rat <em>Heterocephalus glaber</em> is a eusocial mammal exhibiting extreme longevity (37-year lifespan), extraordinary resistance to hypoxia and absence of cardiovascular disease. To identify the mechanisms behind these exceptional traits, metabolomics and RNAseq of cardiac tissue from naked mole-rats were compared to other African mole-rat genera. We identified metabolic and genetic adaptations unique to naked mole-rats including elevated glycogen, thus enabling glycolytic ATP generation during cardiac ischemia. Elevated normoxic expression of HIF-1α was observed while downstream hypoxia-responsive genes were down-regulated, suggesting adaptation to low-oxygen environments. Naked mole-rat hearts showed reduced succinate build-up during ischemia and negligible tissue damage following ischemia-reperfusion injury. These adaptive evolutionary traits reflect a unique hypoxic and eusocial lifestyle that collectively may contribute to their longevity and health span.</p>
Underground station environment
<p>An audio-visual model for virtual reality of the Munich underground station Theresienstraße. The model has been created for a highly accurate acoustic rendering over loudspeaker arrays and headphones and for visual representation in virtual reality. The package encompasses a highly accurate spatial geometric model of the underground station, which can be used for acoustic simulations, and a visual model for virtual reality. Both models has been calibrated to a 3D laser scan of the environment. It further includes a definition of two acoustic scenes for the purpose of audiology and hearing research together with the associated measurements of the acoustic impulse responses using a binaural recording system (binaural room impulse responses), a spherical microphone array, and omnidirectional microphones. Further measurements include HRTF measurements and anechoic measurements of the directivity of the sound source.</p>
Figure 3 in Anatomical characteristics and resprouting capacity of the underground organs of Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum ×bohemicum)
Figure 3. Morphology of rhizomes and roots of Polygonum ×bohemicum. (A and B) Young rhizome; (C and D) mature rhizome; (E and F) young root; (G and H) mature root. bu, rhizome bud; co, cortex; ep, epidermis; ha, rhizome hair; in, internodal interval; pi, pith; rh, root hair; vb, vascular bundles.
Figure 5 in Anatomical characteristics and resprouting capacity of the underground organs of Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum ×bohemicum)
Figure 5. Resprouting rate for each pith color class (time days = 70; ntot = 201) in Polygonum ×bohemicum. (A) using the six pith brightness classes according to grayscale [0–1] intervals and (B) using the six color classes for which the reference RGB color is indicated in Hex Code. Differences in resprouting capacities (resprouting rates) were significant among pith brightness classes (Χ2 = 29.4, df = 5, P-value <0.01), as well as among pith color classes (Χ2 = 31.1, df = 5, P-value <0.01).
Figure 4 in Anatomical characteristics and resprouting capacity of the underground organs of Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum ×bohemicum)
Figure 4. Anatomy of rhizomes and roots of Polygonum ×bohemicum. (A) Young rhizome; (B) young root; (C) mature rhizome; (D) mature root; (E) mature rhizome center; (F) mature root center. bu, rhizome bud; ca, cambium; cl, collenchyma; co, cortex; ep, epidermis; lp, lateral pith; lr, lateral root; ox, calcium oxalate; pe, pericycle; pf, phloem in formation; ph, phloem; pi, pith; pl, phellem; pr, pericyclic fibers; ra, ligneous ray; xf, xylem in formation; xy, xylem.
Figure 1 in Anatomical characteristics and resprouting capacity of the underground organs of Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum ×bohemicum)
Figure 1. Study area with the location of two wild populations in Canton Ticino (Switzerland) of Polygonum ×bohemicum (white circles), the nearby research campus (black triangle), and the two urban centers of Locarno and Bellinzona (yellow squares). (A) Map of Switzerland and (B) map of the study area (Magadino plain).
Figure 2 in Anatomical characteristics and resprouting capacity of the underground organs of Bohemian knotweed (Polygonum ×bohemicum)
Figure 2. Research workflow for the present study on anatomical characteristics and resprouting capacity of the underground organs of Polygonum ×bohemicum. RH, relative humidity.
Figure 4 in Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians
Figure 4. Comparison of ulnae of Naraboryctes philcreaseri and Notoryctes typhlops: a, right ulna of Naraboryctes philcreaseri (QM F57706) in cranial view; b, right ulna of Notoryctes typhlops (SAM M637) in cranial view; c, QM F57706 in medial view; d, SAM M637 in medial view; e, QMF 57706 in lateral view; f, SAM M637 in lateral view. Abbreviations: anp, anconeal process; cop, coronoid process; fls, flexor sulcus; ol, olecranon; rn, radial notch; sp, styloid process; trn, trochlear notch.
Figure 3 in Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians
Figure 3. Comparison of radii of Naraboryctes philcreaseri and Notoryctes typhlops: a, left radius of Naraboryctes philcreaseri (QM F57679) in cranial view; b, right radius (reversed) of Notoryctes typhlops (SAM M637) in cranial view; c, QM F57679 in lateral view; d, SAM M637 (reversed) in lateral view. Abbreviations: gr, groove for interosseous membrane (tendinous sheet binding shafts of radius and ulna together); sp, styloid process.
Figure 7 in Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians
Figure 7. Plot of first two canonical axes from quadratic discriminant analysis of degree of fossoriality (non-burrowing versus fossorial versus subterranean) in mammals based on an expanded version of the "limbs only" dataset of Hopkins and Davis (2009). Non-burrowing species are represented by green circles, fossorial species by pink squares and subterranean species by blue asterisks. Inner ellipses represent 95% confidence intervals for the means for each class, whilst the outer ellipses represent the 50% prediction intervals.Naraboryctes philcreaseri is represented by a black triangle and was treated as unknown, but falls among subterranean species and is predicted to be subterranean with very high probability (p = 1.0). Abbreviations: F, fossorial; N, non-burrowing; S, subterranean.
Figure 9 in Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians
Figure 9. Part of the dated total evidence phylogeny shown in Figure 8, restricted to the clade Agreodontia (which includes Notoryctemorphia), with divergence dates compared to global temperatures and environmental change in Australia. The estimated time of inactivation of the RBP3 gene in the Notoryctes lineage is indicated: the black bar represents the point estimate (5.4 MYA), whilst the grey bars represent 95% HPDs (4.5-6.3 MYA). The global temperature curve is modified from Zachos et al. (2001). The date for the major increase in grass pollen is taken from Martin and McMinn (1994: fig. 2) whilst the date for the onset of major aridity in Australia (~1.4-1.5 MYA) is taken from McLaren and Wallace (2010).
Figure 2 in Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians
Figure 2. Comparison of humeri of Naraboryctes philcreaseri and Notoryctes typhlops: a, left humerus of Naraboryctes philcreaseri (QM F57719) in cranial view; b, right humerus (reversed) of Notoryctes typhlops (SAM M637) in cranial view; c, QM F57719 in caudal view; d, SAM M637 (reversed) in caudal view. Abbreviations: bg, bicipital groove; cap, capitulum; dpc, deltopectoral crest; gtu, greater tuberosity; hh, humeral head; lsr, lateral supracondylar ridge; ltu, lesser tuberosity; mep, medial epicondyle; stf, supratrochlear foramen; tro, trochlea.
Figure 6 in Going underground: postcranial morphology of the early Miocene marsupial mole Naraboryctes philcreaseri and the evolution of fossoriality in notoryctemorphians
Figure 6. Comparison of tibiae of Naraboryctes philcreaseri and Notoryctes typhlops: a, left femur of Naraboryctes philcreaseri (QM F57686) in medial view; b, left femur of Notoryctes typhlops (SAM M637) in medial view; c, QM F57686 in lateral view; d, SAM M637 in lateral view. Abbreviations: mma, medial malleolus; pltp, posterolateral tibial process for articulation with lateral femoral condyle and fibula; sup, sulcus for patella; tc, tibial crest.
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