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51 results for “urban development”
Data: "Using butterfly survey data to model habitat associations in urban developments", JEJ Cooper et al., (2023)
<p>This data package has been used to examine the responses of UK butterfly species </p> <p>to different features of the urban environment. 'JC_WCBSmodel.Rdata' presents the</p> <p>butterfly abundance data, and supporting information about </p> <p>species and sites. This data can be fed through the script '04_model_builder.R', to </p> <p>produce the models reported in the research article. '00_functions.R' is a script </p> <p>containing functions which support the modelling process, which is loaded as part of </p> <p>the 04_model_builder script. </p> <p> </p> <p>Summaries of the resulting models are an output of that script - </p> <p>'Butterfly_GAM_Outputs.xlsx'. These are represented graphically in the manuscript, </p> <p>using scripts '06_01_Map'.R:'06_03_Cross_Validation'. '06_04_Model_Metric.R' </p> <p>is a further summary of the .xlsx file, found in the Supplementary Materials. </p> <p>'06_05_graphic_4_twitter.R' produces a condensed version of the figure resulting </p> <p>from the script '06_02_Metric_Summary.R'</p> <p> </p> <p>Dataset descriptions are found in the attached readme.txt</p> <p>........................................................................................</p> <p>We would also greatly appreciate if you could fill out <a href="https://forms.gle/DCc58VXpdmqnTmTk8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">this very short form</a> to tell us how you intend to use these data. Thanks in advance!</p>
Fig. 11. A–L in Urban and Peri-urban small and medium-size Enterprise Development for sustainable Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems
Fig. 11. A–L. Mamatia retracta (Popov). A. Dorsal valve RM Br133828, exterior, × 40. B. Dorsal valve RM Br133829, interior, × 50. C. Ventral valve RM Br133830, exterior, × 32. D. Dorsal valve RM Br133831, interior, × 27. E, H, I, K. Ventral valve RM Br133832, exterior (E, × 75), oblique posterior view (H, × 40), oblique lateral view (I, × 75), detail of larval shell (K, × 162). F. Ventral valve RM Br133833, oblique lateral view, 62. G, J. Ventral valve RM Br133834, interior (G, × 45) and detail of apical process (J, × 195). L. Ventral valve RM Br133835, detail of larval shell, × 150. All specimens from the Tremadoc chalcedonites, Wysoczki.
Fig. 6. A–N in Urban and Peri-urban small and medium-size Enterprise Development for sustainable Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems
Fig. 6. A–N. Siphonotretella popovi sp. nov. A, N. Dorsal valve RM Br133791, exterior (A, × 26), detail of spines (N, × 100). B. Dorsal valve RM Br133792, exterior, × 32. C. Holotype, ventral valve RM Br133793, exterior, × 26. D, G, L. Dorsal valve RM Br133794, oblique posterior view (D, × 30), exterior (G, × 30), detail of larval shell (L, × 80). E, J. Dorsal valve RM Br133795, exterior (E, × 40) and detail of larval shell (J, × 120). F, H, I, K. Ventral valve RM Br133796, oblique lateral view (F, × 26), oblique posterior view (H, × 32), detail of larval shell and pedicle opening (I, × 80), detail of larval shell and pedicle opening (K, × 90). M. Dorsal valve RM Br133797, interior, × 40. O. Ventral valve RM Br133798, interior, × 23. All specimens from the Tremadoc chalcedonites, Wysoczki.
Fig. 8. A–Q. Semitreta maior Biernat. A in Urban and Peri-urban small and medium-size Enterprise Development for sustainable Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems
Fig. 8. A–Q. Semitreta maior Biernat. A. Dorsal valve RM Br133807, × 30. B. Dorsal valve RM Br133808, interior, × 40. C, G. Ventral valve RM Br133809, exterior (C, × 13) and oblique lateral view (G, × 13). D, L. Dorsal valve RM Br133812, oblique lateral view (D, × 50), detail of larval shell (L, × 195). E. Dorsal valve RM Br133810, exterior, × 30. F, Q. Ventral valve RM Br133811, oblique lateral view (F, × 75), detail of larval shell (Q, × 195). H. Dorsal valve RM Br133814, oblique lateral view, × 40. I. Dorsal valve RM Br133813, oblique lateral view, × 50). J, K, P, O. Dorsal valve RM Br133815, dorsal interior (J, × 25), oblique lateral view (K, × 50), detail of pseudointerarea (P, 100), detail of pseudointerarea (O, × 60). M, N. Ventral valve RM Br133816, oblique lateral view (M, 32), oblique posterior view (N, × 45). All specimens from the Tremadoc chalcedonites, Wysoczki.
Fig. 4. A–L in Urban and Peri-urban small and medium-size Enterprise Development for sustainable Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems
Fig. 4. A–L. Siphonobolus uralensis (Lermontova). A, G. Dorsal valve RM Br133779, interior (A, × 15) and oblique lateral view (G, × 23). B. Ventral valve RM Br133780, exterior, × 19. C, D, L. Ventral valve RM Br133781, oblique lateral view of exterior (C, × 33), posterior view (D, × 36) and detail of pedicle opening (L, × 80). E, H, J. Ventral valve RM Br133782, oblique lateral view of interior (E, × 28), detail of posterior margin (H, × 100) and detail of pedicle tube (J, × 70). F. Dorsal valve RM Br133783, oblique lateral view of exterior, × 26. I. Dorsal valve RM Br133784, oblique lateral view of interior, × 37. K. Ventral valve RM Br133785, detail of pedicle tube, × 55. All specimens from the Tremadoc chalcedonites, Wysoczki.
Fig. 2. A–K in Urban and Peri-urban small and medium-size Enterprise Development for sustainable Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems
Fig. 2. A–K. Elliptoglossa polonica sp. nov. A, H. Dorsal valve RM Br133767, exterior (A, × 45) and oblique lateral view (H, × 45). B, G. Dorsal valve RM Br133768, interior (B, × 32) and oblique lateral view (G, × 40). C. Holotype, ventral valve RM Br133769, exterior, × 45. D. Ventral valve RM Br133770, interior, × 45. E, F, I. Ventral valve RM Br133771, exterior (E, × 38), oblique lateral view (F, × 40) and detail of larval shell (I, × 135). J. Ventral valve RM Br133772, detail of pseudointerarea, × 400. K. Dorsal valve RM Br133773, oblique lateral view of umbonal section of interior, × 100. All specimens from the Tremadoc chalcedonites, Wysoczki.
Fig. 9. A–F in Urban and Peri-urban small and medium-size Enterprise Development for sustainable Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems
Fig. 9. A–F.?Ditreta dividua Biernat. A, D. Dorsal valve RM Br133817, interior (A, × 36), detail of pseudointerarea (D, × 80). B, C, E, F. Ventral valve RM Br133818, oblique lateral view (B, × 32), exterior (C, × 30), oblique posterior view (E, × 30), detail of larval shell (F, × 165). All specimens from the Tremadoc chalcedonites, Wysoczki.
Urban Air Pollution and Children's Brain Development: A Systematic Bibliometric Review
<p>The dataset for this research was compiled through an advanced PubMed search targeting publications from a one-year period. Keywords focused on air pollution, neurodevelopment, and associated disorders. From an initial pool of 450 publications, filtering based on co-occurrence of relevant keywords reduced this to approximately 50 papers. VOSviewer was employed to analyze co-occurrences and generate a visual map of relationships between air pollution and child neurodevelopment. The thesaurus was applied to standardize terminology, refining the final network for detailed analysis of keyword clusters and their interactions.</p>
Fig. 2 in Larval Development And Habitat Usage Of Stream-Breeding Fire Salamanders In An Urban Environment
Fig. 2. Changes in the number of salamander larvae and rainfall. The bold black continuous line shows the mean number of salamander larvae detected during the surveys in the three 10 day intervals of months in Hűvös-ér stream, 2011–2014. The bar graph shows the mean amount (and SD) of precipitation (mm) during the three 10-day intervals of months
Fig. 3 in Larval Development And Habitat Usage Of Stream-Breeding Fire Salamanders In An Urban Environment
Fig. 3. Mean density of salamander larvae (number of larvae/m2) detected in the 16 segments during surveys every 10 days in "Hűvös-ér" stream, 2011–2014 (2011: thin line, 2012:
Fig. 5 in Larval Development And Habitat Usage Of Stream-Breeding Fire Salamanders In An Urban Environment
Fig. 5. Mean number of salamander larvae detected per a year in the "releasing" 2–6 upper segments (continuous bold line), in the "strong collector" middle segments: 7–9 (dashed line) and the "weak collector" lower segments: 10–13 (dotted line) during surveys every 10 days in "Hűvös-ér" stream between 2011–2014. Data from segment 1 have not been plotted because larvae were present at only one time point
Fig. 1 in Larval Development And Habitat Usage Of Stream-Breeding Fire Salamanders In An Urban Environment
Fig. 1. Segments of "Hűvös-ér" stream, where Salamandra salamandra larvae were surveyed. (Numbers indicate individual stream segments, bold meandering line = main branch of the stream, thin branch- ing line = tributaries of the stream, straight lines = segment boundaries, four-pointed stars at segment boundaries and in the stream bed = water steps, double line = main road between Budapest and Solymár, P = "Paprikás"-stream)
Urban heat island conditions experienced by the Western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus): extreme heat slows development but results in behavioral accommodations
Herein lies data on urban h eat island conditions for black widow spiders across the CAP study area. It also includes data on the development speed and behavioral responses of spiders reared in the lab at these UHI temperatures. The urban heat island (UHI) effect describes the capture of heat by built structures (e.g. asphalt), resulting in elevated urban temperatures. The UHI is a well-studied phenomenon, but only a handful of studies have investigated trait-based shifts resulting from the UHI, and even fewer have attempted to quantify the magnitude of the UHI experienced at the microclimate scale. Here, using a common urban exploiter, the Western black widow spider (Latrodectus hesperus), we show that the UHI experienced by spiders in July in their urban Phoenix, AZ refuges is 6 degrees C hotter (33 degrees C) than conditions in the refuges of spiders from Sonoran Desert habitat outside of Phoenix-area development (27 degrees C). We then use this field microclimate UHI estimate to compare the development speed, mass gain and mortality of replicate siblings from 36 urban lineages reared at temperatures that reflect urban and desert habitats. We show that extreme heat is slowing the growth of spiderlings and increasing mortality. In contrast, we show that development of male spiders to their penultimate moult is accelerated by 2 weeks. Lastly, in terms of behavioral shifts, UHI temperatures caused late-stage juvenile male spiders to heighten their foraging voracity and late-stage juvenile female spiders to curtail their web-building behavior.
How does the selection of National Development Zones affect urban green innovation?
<p><span><span>The launch of the selection process for National Development Zones (NDZs) marked a fundamental change in the construction of development zones, making it an essential position for local authorities to implement high-quality development. Based on the data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2000 to 2018, this paper examines the impact and mechanism of selecting NDZs on urban green innovation through a double-difference spatial durbin model using the selection of NDZs as a "quasi-natural experiment". The study finds that the selection of NDZs can promote green innovation in cities and has a significant window-radiating effect. The heterogeneity test results show that the implementation of the selection policy for development zones in non-old industrial cities, large and medium-sized cities, cities with easy access to transportation, and cities with high market orientation are more likely to promote urban green innovation. At the same time, the higher the level of government governance and the better the level of economic development of the development zones, the more it helps to realize the effects of the selection policy. The results of the mechanism test show that the selection of NDZs has a positive impact on urban green innovation through environmental regulation effects, resource allocation effects, and policy amplification effects. </span></span>Data on development zones are sourced from the China Directory of Development Zones Audit and Announcement (2006) and the China Directory of Development Zones Audit and Announcement (2018 Edition)(http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-03/03/content_5270330.htm); data on patents are sourced from the China Intellectual Property Office (https://www.cnipa.gov.cn/); Other city-level data from China City Statistical Yearbook, China Regional Economic Statistical Yearbook, China Statistical Yearbook (https://data.cnki.net/Yearbook/Navi?type=type&code=A). Our data is collated from the above sources using Python software. </p>
Data from: Developing and applying a macroinvertebrate‐based multimetric index for urban rivers in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
<p class="MsoCommentText">Urban pollution of riverine ecosystem is a serious concern in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. No biomonitoring tool exists for the routine monitoring of effects of urban pollution on riverine systems within the region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and apply a macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index for assessing water quality condition of impacted urban river systems in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Macroinvertebrate and physico-chemical samples were collected from 11 stations in eight river systems. Based on the physico-chemical variables, the stations were categorised into three impact categories namely; least impacted stations (LIS), moderately impacted stations (MIS) and heavily impacted stations (HIS). Seventy seven (77) candidate metrics were tested and only five: Hemiptera abundance, %Coleoptera+Hemiptera, %Chironomidae+Oligochaeta, Evenness index and Logarithm of relative abundance of very large body size (>40-80 mm) were retained and integrated into the final Niger Delta urban multimetric index (MINDU). The validation data set showed a correspondence of 83.3% between the index result and the physico-chemically-based classification for the LIS and a 75% correspondence for the MIS. A performance of 22.2% was recorded for the HIS. The newly developed MINDU proved useful as a biomonitoring tool in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, and can thus be used by environmental managers and government officials for routine monitoring of rivers and streams subjected to urban pollution.</p>
Early Childhood Development of Communicative Competence in Two Urban African Contexts
<p>The study assessed the communicative competencies of 2-3 year-old children, and parental perceptions of influences on their child’s development, in two contrasting neighbourhoods of Zambia’s multilingual capital city, Lusaka: a low-income, high density neighbourhood, and a more affluent low-density area. An adapted version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory was administered individually to each parent. Parents then participated in semi-structured focus group discussions. Parental reports revealed a bilingual or plurilingual lexical repertoire in these young children, with fluid intermingling between English and indigenous Bantu languages, notably ciNyanja, the city’s lingua franca. Alternative methods of scoring the inventory showed that children of affluent families knew more English words, while children of low-income families knew more Bantu language words. The two groups were equal on an </i>overall score<i> that included words known in any language. Recent changes in national educational policy prioritise local language instruction over English. The two groups of parents expressed different attitudes towards this policy, reflecting cultural values and child socialisation practices. Young children in the high-density area were encouraged to play more freely with neighborhood peers. We recommend greater acceptance of linguistic fluidity by early education instructors as a powerful cognitive resource for the growth of communicative competence.</p>
Impressive pan-genomic diversity of E. coli from a wild animal community near urban development reflects human impacts
<p>Data provided here support the findings of this study and code will allow the replication of analyses therein. To do so, first download and unzip the associated data files.</p> <p>For each analysis, the following files are required:</p> <p>PCAs: PCA.R, prokka_annotations.zip (and VirulenceFinder_results.csv for virulence factor PCA)</p> <p>Sankey diagram: Plasmid_AMR_Sankey.R, mlplasmids_results.zip, MOBsuite_results.zip, ResFinder_results.csv</p> <p>Pathotype assignment: VF_data_analysis.R, VirulenceFinder_results.csv</p> <p>TableS1_Ecoli_metadata.csv contains the isolate metadata (n=143) for all above analyses.</p>
A predictive approach to assess urban biodiversity and plan for future development scenarios
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How does the selection of National Development Zones affect urban green innovation?
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Data from: Developing and applying a macroinvertebrate‐based multimetric index for urban rivers in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
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