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Dataset results
9 results for “urban history”
Breeding in the pandemic: Short-term lockdown restrictions in a European capital city did not alter the life-history traits of two urban adapters
<p><span>Humans are transforming natural habitats into managed urban green areas and impervious surfaces at an unprecedented pace. Yet the effects of human presence <em>per se</em> on animal life-history traits are rarely tested. This is particularly true in cities, where human presence is often indissociable from urbanisation itself. The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, along with the resulting lockdown restrictions, offered a unique, "natural experiment" context to investigate wildlife responses to a sudden reduction of human activities. We analysed four years of avian breeding data collected in a European capital city to test whether lockdown measures altered nestbox occupancy and life-history traits in terms of egg-laying date, incubation duration, and clutch size in two urban adapters: great tits (<em>Parus major</em>) and blue tits (<em>Cyanistes caeruleus</em>). Lockdown measures, which modulated human presence, did not influence any of the life-history traits investigated. In contrast, tree cover, a distinct ecological attribute of the urban space, was positively associated with clutch size, a key avian life-history, and reproductive trait. This highlights the importance of habitat quality/ inter-year variation over human activity on the reproduction of urban wildlife. We discuss our results in light of other urban wildlife studies carried out during the pandemic, inviting the scientific community to carefully interpret all lockdown-associated shifts in biological traits.</span></p>
Data from: Land use history and seed dispersal drive divergent plant community assembly patterns in urban vacant lots
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Breeding in the pandemic: Short-term lockdown restrictions in a European capital city did not alter the life-history traits of two urban adapters
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Data from: Colonial history impacts urban tree species distribution in a tropical city
Urban forests associated with green infrastructure for sustainable outcomes are particularly critical in the Global South, where some of the world's fastest-growing cities are located. However, compared to temperate cities, the drivers of urban tree species distribution in tropical cities remain understudied. In this study, we quantify the spatial distribution and abundance of urban forests in the tropical city of Georgetown, Guyana. British colonialism has shaped this city, including forced movement of peoples under slavery from Africa and indentured servants from the Indian Subcontinent. We studied how this multicultural context has influenced tree species distributions in the capital city of the only Anglophone country in South America. We quantified the abundance of tree species using a stratified sampling design to distribute transects across fifteen neighborhoods that vary in distance to the colonial center of the city and ethnic composition. We recorded a total of 57 unique species, the majority of which (73%) were cultivated for their edible fruits. We identify tree species that likely represent Guyana's unique multicultural heritage by comparing our species list to flora in nine cities in neighboring countries (Venezuela and Brazil) with different colonial histories. This international comparison identified a set of tree species that occurred only in Guyana. Relationships between ethnic composition and colonial history and tree species distribution were weak at the neighborhood scale, where proportion of East Indian residents had little explanatory power and distance to colonial center was correlated with abundance of only some species groups. This apparent discrepancy between neighborhood and national scales may relate to the establishment of Guyanese food as a unifying national identifier across ethnicities. The prominence of edible fruit trees in our study suggests a set of species that could be incorporated into urban planning to strengthen biocultural linkages, foster cultural integration, and promote food security.
Data from: Benthic community history in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) mega delta: Damming, urbanization, and environmental control
Coastal environment of the Changjiang delta has been influenced by recent anthropogenic activities such as dam constructions, and increased sewage and fertilizer inputs. Previous work examined compositional shift of marine plankton to assess ecological impacts of these activities on marine ecosystems in the Changjiang discharge area. Here we used benthic marine ostracodes collected in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea in the 1980s and the 2010s, respectively, to investigate temporal changes of the benthic community and the controlling factors of the benthic fauna. Our results revealed more shoreward distribution of some well-known off-shore ostracode species in the 2010s compared to the 1980s, and relatively more important role of environmental processes (e.g. bottom water temperature, bottom water salinity and the eutrophic conditions of surface water) than spatial processes (e.g. the flow of ocean currents) in structuring ostracode compositions. The temporal changes of ostracode community were likely attributed to the combined effects of reduced seasonal water and sediment discharge, and eutrophic conditions of the Changjiang due to numerous dam constructions along the Changjiang and population expansion in the Changjiang basin. Results of redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that ocean currents facilitated environmental filtering of ostracode species such that they could disperse to preferred environmental conditions. These findings highlighted the potential uses of marine microfossils to better understand ecological impacts on benthic ecosystem in vulnerable Asian mega deltas and provided insights into the integration of metacommunity concepts in disentangling dynamics of marine benthic communities.
Data from: Environmental filtering of life-history trait diversity in urban populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
<p>The challenges to which plants are exposed in urban environments represent, in miniature, the challenges plants face as a result of global environmental change. Hence, urban habitats provide a unique opportunity to assess whether processes of local adaptation are taking place despite the short temporal and geographical scales that characterize the Anthropocene. We quantified the ecological diversity of urban habitats hosting A. thaliana populations. Using plant community indicators, we show that these patches differ in their levels of soil nutrient content and disturbance. Accordingly, plants in each patch displayed a range of flowering time, size and fitness. Using a deep sampling approach coupled with reduced genome-sequencing, we demonstrate that most individuals can be assigned to a limited set of clonal lineages; the genetic diversity of these lineages is a sample of the diversity observed in western European populations of the species, indicating that established urban populations originate from a broad regional pool of lineages. We assessed the genetic and phenotypic diversity of these lineages in a set of common garden experiments. We report marked genetic differences in life-history traits, including time of primary and secondary dormancy as well as of flowering. These genetic differences in life-history traits are not randomly distributed but sorted out by ecological differences among sites of origin.</p> <p>Synthesis: Our study shows that the genetically diverse phenology of a regional A. thaliana gene pool is not randomly distributed but filtered by heterogeneity in the urban environment. To out knowledge, this report is the first to show a pattern indicative of environmental filtering enhancing local genetic adaptation within urban environments. We conclude that environmental filtering helps maintain functional diversity within species.</p>
Data from: Benthic community history in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) mega delta: Damming, urbanization, and environmental control
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Data from: Environmental filtering of life-history trait diversity in urban populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
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Data from: Colonial history impacts urban tree species distribution in a tropical city
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