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152 results for “variation and change”
Data from: A species' response to spatial climatic variation does not predict its response to climate change
<p>The dominant paradigm for assessing ecological responses to climate change assumes that future states of individuals and populations can be predicted by current, species-wide performance variation across spatial climatic gradients. However, if the fates of ecological systems are better predicted by past responses to <em>in situ</em> climatic variation through time, this current analytical paradigm may be severely misleading. Empirically testing whether spatial or temporal climate responses better predict how species respond to climate change has been elusive, largely due to restrictive data requirements. Here we leverage a newly collected network of ponderosa pine tree-ring time series to test whether statistically inferred responses to spatial versus temporal climatic variation better predict how trees have responded to recent climate change. When compared to observed tree growth responses to climate change since 1980, predictions derived from spatial climatic variation were wrong in both magnitude and direction. This was not the case for predictions derived from climatic variation through time, which were able to replicate observed responses well. Future climate scenarios through the end of the 21st century exacerbated these disparities. These results suggest that the currently dominant paradigm of forecasting the ecological impacts of climate change based on spatial climatic variation may be severely misleading over decadal to centennial timescales.</p>
Fig. 5 in First Specimen-based Record of Ammolabrus dicrus (Perciformes: Labridae) from Japanese Waters, with Notes on Morphological Ontogenetic Changes and Geographic Variation
Fig. 5. Semi-schematic illustration of head of Ammolabrus dicrus, showing positions of cephalic sensory canals (KAUM–I. 99313, 21.4 mm SL). Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in First Specimen-based Record of Ammolabrus dicrus (Perciformes: Labridae) from Japanese Waters, with Notes on Morphological Ontogenetic Changes and Geographic Variation
Fig. 4. Relationships of (A) number of gill rakers, (B) body depth, (C) caudal-peduncle length, and (D) orbit diameter to SL in Japanese (stars) and Hawaiian (circles) specimens of Ammolabrus dicrus. Open circle indicates holotype.
Fig. 2 in First Specimen-based Record of Ammolabrus dicrus (Perciformes: Labridae) from Japanese Waters, with Notes on Morphological Ontogenetic Changes and Geographic Variation
Fig. 2. Ammolabrus dicrus from Taketomi Island, Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. A, specimen photograph (KAUM–I. 99314, 18.4 mm SL); B, underwater photograph of same individual as in A, 12 m; photo by T. Uchida.
Fig. 1 in First Specimen-based Record of Ammolabrus dicrus (Perciformes: Labridae) from Japanese Waters, with Notes on Morphological Ontogenetic Changes and Geographic Variation
Fig. 1. Underwater photograph of a small school of Ammolabrus dicrus at a depth of 12 m off Taketomi Island, Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan; photo by K. Sodo.
Data for the Manuscript 'Phenotypic Variation from Waterlogging in Multiple Perennial Ryegrass Varieties under Climate Change Conditions'
<p>Experimental data supporting the findings of the manuscript 'Phenotypic Variation from Waterlogging in Multiple Perennial Ryegrass Varieties under Climate Change Conditions'. This dataset will be made publicly available when the manuscript has been accepted for journal publication unless exceptional conditions become apparent. </p>
Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climatic changes
<p>Supplementary material to:</p> <p>Berger A. L. (1978), Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climatic changes, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, (35) 2362-2367 doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<2362:LTVODI>2.0.CO;2</p> <p>Tables and FORTRAN computer code for the computation of daily mean insolation, according to the solution BER78.</p> <p>This solution is commonly referred to as BER78.</p> <p>Material uploaded to Zenodo by Michel Crucifix on 2022-10-14.</p>
Limited movement of an avian hybrid zone in relation to regional variation in magnitude of climate change
<p>Studies of natural hybrid zones can provide documentation of range shifts in response to climate change and identify loci important to reproductive isolation. Using a temporal (36–38 years) comparison of the black-capped (<em>Poecile atricapillus</em>) and Carolina (<em>P. carolinensis</em>) chickadee hybrid zone, we investigated movement of the western portion of the zone (western Missouri) and assessed whether loci and pathways underpinning reproductive isolation were similar to those in the eastern portion of the hybrid zone. Using 92 birds sampled along the hybrid zone transect in 2016 and 68 birds sampled between 1978 and 1980, we generated 11,669 SNPs via ddRADseq. These SNPs were used to assess movement of the hybrid zone through time and to evaluate variation in introgression among loci. We demonstrate that the interface has moved ~5 km to the northwest over the last 36–38 years, i.e., at only one-fifth the rate at which the eastern portion (e.g., Pennsylvania, Ohio) of the hybrid zone has moved. Temperature trends over the last 38 years reveal that eastern areas have warmed 50% more than western areas in terms of annual mean temperature, possibly providing an explanation for the slower movement of the hybrid zone in Missouri. Our results suggest hybrid zone movement in broadly distributed species, such as chickadees, will vary between areas in response to local differences in the impacts of climate change.</p>
Fig. 3 in The Mediterranean deep-sea fauna: historical evolution, bathymetric variations and geographical changes
Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of Lingula dregeri in the Miocene: 1, Korytnica Basin (Poland): Korytnica, Chomentów (Friedberg 1930; Barczyk and Popiel−Barczyk 1977; Gutowski 1984; Radwańska and Radwański 1984; and present data); 2, Wójcza−Pińczów Range (Poland) (Popiel−Barczyk and Barczyk 1990; and present data); 3, Lublin Upland (Poland): Huta Lubycka, Monastyrz, Długi Goraj (Popiel−Barczyk 1977, 1980; Jakubowski and Musiał 1977; present data); 4, Podolia (Ukraine): Obertasów near Zolochiv (Złoczów) (Friedberg 1921); 5–7, Vienna Basin (Austria): 5, Austränk (Dreger 1889); 6, Loretto (Dreger 1889); 7, St. Margarethen (Meznerics 1943; Schmid et al. 2001). A Lingula has been recorded in Lapugiu (Romania) by Bărbulescu and Rado (1984) in the Badenian (Miocene). The following localities are not indicated on the map: Cagliari, and vicinities: Sant Elias, Mirrionis island, San Michele hill, in Sardinia (Italy) (Dreger 1911).
Fig. 2 in The Mediterranean deep-sea fauna: historical evolution, bathymetric variations and geographical changes
Fig. 2. External (A1, B1) and internal (A2, B2) views of two dorsal valves from the Korytnica Basin, with their muscles scars (A3, B3) as visible on the internal side of the valve (see also Fig. 1). A. MZ VIII Bra−1204/1. B. MZ VIII Bra−1204/2. All × 7.
Fig. 1 in The Mediterranean deep-sea fauna: historical evolution, bathymetric variations and geographical changes
Fig. 1. Variability in musculature, established from 5 dorsal valves and in the valve outline of Lingula dregeri. The range of the lophophoral cavity is given in percentage. No data on ventral valves. The scars in grey represent the remnant of the motion of the anterior oblique muscles induced by the growth of the shell. Muscles: aA, anterior Adductor; pA, posterior Adductor; 1, Anterior Obliques; 2, Anterior Lateral Oblique + Median Lateral Oblique + Anterior Internal Oblique + Posterior Internal Oblique; 3. Anterior Lateral Oblique + Median Lateral Oblique + Median Internal Oblique (Emig 1982).
Variation in symbiont density is linked to changes in constitutive immunity in the facultatively symbiotic coral, Astrangia poculata
<p>Scleractinian corals are essential ecosystem engineers, forming the basis of coral reef ecosystems. However, these organisms are in decline globally, in part due to rising disease prevalence. Most corals are dependent on symbiotic interactions with single-celled algae from the family Symbiodiniaceae to meet their nutritional needs, however suppression of host immunity may be essential to this relationship. To explore immunological consequences of algal symbioses in scleractinian corals, we investigated constitutive immune activity in the facultatively symbiotic coral, <em>Astrangia poculata</em>. We compared immune metrics (melanin synthesis, antioxidant production, and antibacterial activity) between coral colonies of varying symbiont density. Symbiont density was positively correlated to both antioxidant activity and melanin concentration. Our results suggest that the relationship between algal symbiosis and host immunity may be more complex than originally hypothesized and highlight the need for nuanced approaches when considering these relationships.</p>
Outputs of the Jupyter Notebook - Deep learning and variational inversion to quantify and attribute climate change (CIRC23)
<p>The dataset contains the outputs of the notebook "Deep learning and variational inversion to quantify and attribute climate change (CIRC23)" published in The Environmental Data Science Book.</p>
Variation in symbiont density is linked to changes in constitutive immunity in the facultatively symbiotic coral, Astrangia poculata
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Data from: Ecological responses of <em>Orientallactaga sibirica</em>: Variations in body size and trophic niche across changing habitats
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Limited movement of an avian hybrid zone in relation to regional variation in magnitude of climate change
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Data from: A species' response to spatial climatic variation does not predict its response to climate change
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Mussel bed community data for: Intraspecific variation in a marine predator changes intertidal community through effects on a foundation species
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Numerical response of predators to large variations of grassland vole abundance and long-term community change
<p>Voles can reach high densities with multi-annual population fluctuations of large amplitude, and they are at the base of predator communities in Northern Eurasia and Northern America. This status places them at the heart of management conflicts wherein crop protection and health concerns are often raised against conservation issues.<strong> Here, a 20-year survey describes the effects of large variations in grassland vole populations on the densities and the daily theoretical food intakes (TFI) of vole predators based on roadside counts.</strong> Our results show how the predator community responded to prey variations of large amplitude and how it reorganized with the increase in a dominant predator, here the red fox, which likely negatively impacted hare, European wildcat and domestic cat populations. This population increase did not lead to an increase in the average number of predators present in the study area, suggesting compensations among resident species due to intra-guild predation or competition. Large variations in vole predator number could be clearly attributed to the temporary increase in the populations of mobile birds of prey in response to grassland vole outbreaks. Our study provides empirical support for more timely and better focused actions in wildlife management and vole population control, and it supports an evidence-based and constructive dialogue about management targets and options between all stakeholders of such socio-ecosystems.</p> <p>The data set includes:</p> <p><b>S1 kml file</b>. Location of the study area (can be dropped in a Google Earth window or read from a GIS)</p> <p><b>S2 Excel file.</b> Road-side counts (sheet 1) and list of species observed (sheet 2)</p> <p><b>S3 Excel file.</b> Small mammal data</p> <p><b>S4 Excel file.</b> Data for computing theoretical daily food intakes</p> <p> </p>
Seasonal isotopic niche of a rodent: High between-individual variation but no changes in individual niche width during the rich-resource period
<p>The dynamics of trophic niche width in animals at both population- and individual-level is potentially influenced by temporal variation of food resources, by between-individual differences in food-resource rank preferences<span class="fontstyle01"><span>, and also by competition</span></span>. Using stable isotope of carbon and nitrogen (<i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C and <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N) of fecal samples, we investigated the trophic niche dynamics and individual variation in food-resource use by the arboreal rat <i>Rhipidomys macrurus</i>, in the highly seasonal Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). We tested the hypothesis that dietary niche expansion during the rich-resource period (wet season) occurs via individual specialization and consequently lower individual niche overlap in contrast with niche retraction during the low-resource period (dry season) via increase in niche overlap and expansion of individual niches. The results indicated that <i>R</i>.<i> macrurus</i> is primarily frugivorous and presents a wider isotopic niche in the rich-resource period in comparison to the low-resource period. The increase in niche width was achieved by individual specialization (decrease in niche overlap), as expected. During the low-resource period, however, individual niche widths were not wider than during the rich-resource period. Additionally, individual body condition was lower in the wet season than in the dry season, suggesting higher competition in this period. We conclude that an increase in the population niche may involve only between-individual variation and not necessarily requiring changes in individual niche width. We propose that the combination of ecological opportunity (high resource diversity) in addition to a greater competition in the warm-wet season leads to expansion of the population trophic niche width via individual specialization. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.