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ALIMENTOPIA Project - CETAPS The Portuguese Vegetarian Database
<pre>One of the main goals of the ALIMENTOPIA/Utopian Foodways Project (2016-2020) was to rescue from the collective amnesia an unprecedented phenomenon in Portugal in the early 20th century: the Portuguese Vegetarian Society. As a priceless cultural artifact, <em>O Vegetariano: Mensário Naturista Ilustrado</em>, published uninterruptedly between 1909 and 1935, was more than just the official organ of the Vegetarian Society of Portugal (SVP), founded in 1911. It was indeed an aggregating platform for a community that reached, at its peak, more than 3,500 subscribers. All the entries of all the publications are indexed in this searchable database, making it a useful tool for any researcher working on Food, Utopian movements, vegetarianism, naturism and Portuguese History.</pre>
Figure 3. A-B in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 3. A-B, Male Hentzia mitrata (Hentz, 1846) at Prunus nectary. C, Female Tutelina elegans (Hentz, 1846) at nectary of Prunus. D-E, Sequence showing a male Peckhamia sp. at two nectaries on the same leaf. F, Female Peckhamia sp. at nectary. G- H, Immature Phidippus putnami (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) at nectary after emerging from brood sac. I, Male Sassacus papenhoei Peckham & Peckham, 1895 at nectary. J, Female S. papenhoei at nectary. K-L, Female Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer, 1837) at nectary. All photos taken indoors by David E. Hill, Simpsonville, South Carolina. Each scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 2 in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 2. Salticid spider Pelegrina galathea feeding at extrafloral nectaries of an unspecified shrub (photos taken indoors by David E. Hill, Simpsonville, South Carolina). A-B, A sequence of two images of an adult male spider. Note the droplet of nectar in image A. C-D, A sequence of two images of an adult female spider. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 5. A-C in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 5. A-C, Salticid spider Cosmophasis micarioides (L. Koch, 1880) and golden-tailed spiny ants Polyrhachis am- monon found on Flagellaria indica plant at the Cattana Wetlands near Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Each time when the ants abandoned the nectary for a brief moment, the spider dashed forward to consume nectar (photos by Andrea Lim, James Cook University).
Figure 7. A in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 7. A, Bagheera kiplingi female consuming Beltian body on a Vachellia collinsii plant in Akumal, Mexico (Image credit: Robert L. Curry, Villanova University). B, Pseudomyrmex sp. ant carrying a Beltian body on Vachellia hindsii plant near Puerto Escondido, state of Oaxaca, Mexico (Image credit: Martin Heil, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico).
Figure 4. A in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 4. A, Male salticid spider (Sassacus papenhoei Peckham & Peckham, 1895) watching an ant at a nectary. B, Female Tutelina elegans (Hentz, 1846), an ant predator, watching an ant at nectary. In both examples (A, B) the spider did not attack the ant but at some point later the spider imbibed nectar at one of the nectaries, too, after the ant had left (photos taken indoors by David E. Hill, Simpsonville, South Carolina). Each scale bar = 1.0 mm.
Figure 10 in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 10. Nocturnal runners (Anyphaenidae) consuming nectar (photos by Woodbridge Foster, Ohio State University). A, Hibana velox (Becker, 1879) feeding at paired extrafloral nectaries at the base of a leaf of the castor bean Ricinus communis in Vero Beach, Florida. B, Hibana similaris (Banks, 1929) pressing mouthparts to nectar-bearing trichomes at panicle branch of cashew tree Anacardium occidentale on Majé Island, Panama.
Figure 1. A in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 1. A, Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845) feeding on a noctuid caterpillar (Image credit: Lawrence Duhon, Fort Worth, Texas). B, Adult female Phidippus clarus Keyserling, 1885 feeding on a brachyceran fly (photo by David E. Hill, Simpsonville, South Carolina).
Figure 6 in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 6. Salticid spiders feeding on plant sap (all photos taken indoors by David Hill, Simpsonville, South Carolina). A, Female Pelegrina galathea apparently biting into Rubus leaf; note liquid released at leaf surface. B, Male Hentzia mitrata apparently biting into a Prunus leaf; note liquid exuding from the leaf. C, Female Hentzia mitrata apparently biting a Prunus leaf. The exuding liquid associated with this behavior can be seen clearly. D, Immature Phidippus audax apparently feeding on droplets of solid, crystalline exudate on the surface of a leaf. This exudate may have been the result of leaf damage caused by insects with piercingsucking mouthparts.
Data from: Vegetarian diet and incidence of total, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in two cohorts in Taiwan
<p><span><b>Objectives <i>–</i></b> To determine how a vegetarian diet affects stroke incidence in two prospective cohorts, and to explore whether the association is modified by dietary vitamin B12 intakes. </span></p> <p><b>Methods</b><i> –</i>Participants without stroke in the Tzu Chi Health study (Cohort1, n=5,050, recruited in 2007-2009) and the Tzu Chi Vegetarian Study (Cohort2, n=8,302, recruited in 2005) were followed until end of 2014. Diet was assessed through food frequency questionnaires in both cohorts at baseline. Stroke events and baseline comorbidities were identified through the National Health Insurance Database. A subgroup of 1528 participants in Cohort1 were assessed for serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate. Associations between vegetarian diet and stroke incidences were estimated by Cox regression with age as time scale, adjusted for sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activities, BMI (only in Cohort1), hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and ischemic heart diseases.</p> <p><b>Results <i>–</i></b> Vegetarians had lower serum vitamin B12 and higher folate and homocysteine than nonvegetarians. In Cohort1, 54 events occurred in 30,797 person-years follow-up. Vegetarians (vs. nonvegetarians) experienced lower risk of ischemic stroke (HR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.88). In Cohort2, 121 events occurred in 76,797 person-years follow-up. Vegetarians (vs. nonvegetarians) experienced lower risk of overall stroke (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.33-0.82), ischemic stroke (HR: 0.41, 0.19-0.88), and hemorrhagic stroke (HR: 034, 95%CI: 0.12-1.00). Our explorative analysis showed that vitamin B12 intake may modify the association between vegetarian diet and overall stroke (<i>p</i>-interaction = 0.046).</p> <p><b><i>Conclusion</i></b> –Taiwanese vegetarian diet is associated with a lower risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.</p>
Figure 9 in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 9. Flower-dwelling thomisid spiders (Thomisidae) often hold packages of pollen
Figure 8 in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 8. Salticid (female Plexippus
Figure 11 in Phytophagy in jumping spiders: The vegetarian side of a group of insectivorous predators
Figure 11. Nocturnal running spider Cheiracanthium sp. (Eutichuridae) drinking
Does a Low-Fat Vegetarian Diet Improve Insulin Resistance in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes?
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00883038. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Vegetarian High Protein Weight Loss Diets
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02080325. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Creatine, Carnitine and Carnosine in Vegetarians
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03194334. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Iron Absorption in Vegetarian Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01489007. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effect of a Vegetarian Meal on the Physiology of Insulin Response in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06152536. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Vegetarian Diet in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02942628. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Meta-analysis of Vegetarian Diets and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03610828. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
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