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37 results for “vertical stratification”
DATASET Invertebrate sounds from photic to mesophotic coral reefs reveal vertical stratification and diel diversity
<p>This dataset contains 17 wave folders. The original files were used for the study published by Raick et al. (2024) in Oecologia (10.1007/s00442-024-05572-5), while subsampled versions of these files were used for the studies published by Raick et al. (2023) in Coral Reefs (10.1007/s00338-022-02343-7) and Raick et al. (2023) in Scientia Marina (10.3989/scimar.05395.078).</p>
Fig. 9 Morphometric relationship between a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 9 Morphometric relationship between a total body length and weight and b coxa 4 diagonal length and total body length. Bathymetric relationship of total body length for c juvenile and d female Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. Grey areas in b and c represent 95% confidence intervals of the model mean
Fig. 7 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 7 Bayesian phylogenies showing the relationship of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. within Eurythenes based on a 16S rRNA and b COI. Specimens added by this study are in bold, with E. atacamensis sp. nov. in blue. An asterisk next to the name denotes holotype. References for comparative sequences are in Table 2. Branch nodes have Bayesian posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood bootstrap support values. Values less than 0.7 or 70 are not stated or depicted by an asterisk. Species delimitation inferences by the bPTP and/or GYMC analyses are shown on the right side of each phylogeny.
Fig. 8 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 8 The relative proportion of females, males, juveniles, and intersex of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. by depth (m) at the Atacama Trench
Fig. 6 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 6 a Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. feeding on bait and b two colour morphs prior to ethanol preservation. Still image and specimens are from 8074 m in the Atacama Trench during the 2010 RV Sonne SO209 Expedition (see Eustace et al. (2016) for site location details)
Fig. 5 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 5 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left pereopod 5; b left pereopod 6; c left pereopod 7; d epimeron and epimeron 3 insert with arrow denoting small tooth on the posteroventral corner; e left uropod 1; f left uropod 2; g left uropod 3 with the arrow showing plumose setae; h telson; i telson distal margin insert
Fig. 3 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 3 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left antenna 1; b left antenna 2; c left mandible with an arrow to highlight the broad palp; d head with arrows to highlight the anterior lobe and ventral corner of the eye; e left maxilla 1 outer plate and palp not flattened; f left maxilla 1 inner plate; g left maxilla 1 palp insert; h left maxilla 1 outer plate face; i left maxilla 2; j left and right maxillipeds with inner plates removed; k left maxilliped dactylus insert; l left maxilliped inner plate (medio-facial spines not shown)
Fig. 4 in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 4 Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. holotype (MNHNCL AMP-15816). a left gnathopod 1; b chela of left gnathopod 1; c left gnathopod 2; d chela of left gnathopod 2; e left pereopod 3; f left pereopod 4
Fig. 2 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 2 a Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov.: female holotype from 8052 m (h; MNHNCL AMP-15816), juvenile paratype from 6714 m (pj; MNHNCL AMP-15818), intersex paratype from 7834m (pi; MNHNCL AMP-15820), male paratype from 7204 m (pm; MNHNCL AMP-15817); b Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov., mature female, holotype, MNHNCL AMP-15816
Fig. 1 a in Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) exhibits ontogenetic vertical stratification across abyssal and hadal depths in the Atacama Trench, eastern South Pacific Ocean
Fig. 1 a Map of the Peru-Chile Trench defined by depths>4900 m (red). Historical collection records of this species (circle), and the historical abyssal sampling with the absence of Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. (triangle). The extent of map (b) is indicated by the blue box. b The eleven deployments where E. atacamensis sp. nov. was recovered in the Atacama Trench during the Atacamex Expedition (square) and the RV Sonne SO216 Expedition (circle). Isobaths are shown every 1000 m between 3000- and 7000-m-depth contours.
Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest
<p><span>Edge effects - abiotic and biotic changes associated with habitat boundaries - are key drivers of community change in fragmented landscapes. Their influence is heavily modulated by matrix composition. With over half of the world's tropical forests predicted to become forest edge by the end of the </span><span>century, it is paramount that conservationists gain a better understanding of how tropical biota is impacted by edge gradients. Bats comprise a large fraction of tropical mammalian fauna and are demonstrably sensitive to habitat modification. Yet, </span><span>knowledge about how bat assemblages are affected by edge effects remains scarce</span><span>. Capitalizing on a whole-ecosystem manipulation in the Central Amazon, the aims of this study were to i) assess the consequences of edge effects for twelve aerial insectivorous bat species across the interface of primary and secondary forest and ii) investigate if the activity levels of these species differed between the understory and canopy and if they were modulated by distance from the edge</span><span>. Acoustic surveys were conducted along four 2-km transects each traversing equal parts of primary and ca. 30-year-old secondary forest. Five models were used to assess the changes in the relative activity of forest specialists (three species), flexible forest foragers (three species), and edge foragers (six species). Modelling results revealed no evidence of edge effects, except for forest specialists in the understory. No significant differences in activity were found between the secondary or primary forest but most species exhibited pronounced vertical stratification. Our study highlights that forest specialist bats are more edge-sensitive than both flexible forest and edge foraging bats and suggests that the influence of edge effects on aerial insectivorous bats may exceed 2 km. The absence of pronounced edge effects and the comparable activity levels between primary and old secondary forests indicates that old secondary forest can help ameliorate the consequences of fragmentation on tropical aerial insectivorous bats. </span></p>
Figures 1–2 in Vertical stratification of Sphingidae moths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Sphingidae) in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil
Figures 1–2. Map of the location of the sampling unit (red circle): (1) Tapajós National Forest, western Pará (Google Earth satellite image); (2) LBA platform tower located at Forest National Tapajós. Photo: Genilson Rego, 2009.
Figure 6 in Vertical stratification of Sphingidae moths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Sphingidae) in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil
Figure 6. Rarefaction curves of the observed species richness of Sphingidae based on the number of specimens, collected with light traps, in the three strata canopy (C), midstory (M) and understory (U), in the Forest National Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, from May 2019 to February 2020.
Figure 5 in Vertical stratification of Sphingidae moths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Sphingidae) in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil
Figure 5. Species diversity profiles in the Rényi series samples in the three strata canopy, midstor and understory, in the Forest National Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, from May 2019 to February 2020.
Figures 3–4 in Vertical stratification of Sphingidae moths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Sphingidae) in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil
Figures 3–4. Faunal composition of Sphingidae from canopy (C), midstory (M) and understory (U) samples of the Forest National Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, from May 2019 to February 2020. Analyzes were based on (3) abundance and (4) richness.
Figure 7 in Vertical stratification of Sphingidae moths (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Sphingidae) in the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil
Figure 7. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS) based on the Bray-Curtis index for Sphingidae species collected with a light trap in Forest National Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, from May 2019 to February 2020. Canopy (green dots), midstory (orange dots) and understory (blue dots).
Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest
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Data from: Urbanization strengthens vertical stratification of ant nutrient preferences in a temperate forest ecosystem
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Thermal stratification and fish thermal preference explain vertical eDNA distributions in lakes
<p>Significant advances have been made towards surveying animal and plant communities using DNA isolated from environmental samples. Despite rapid progress, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the "ecology" of environmental DNA (eDNA), particularly its temporal and spatial distribution and how this is shaped by abiotic and biotic processes. Here, we tested how seasonal variation in thermal stratification and animal habitat preferences influence the distribution of eDNA in lakes. We sampled eDNA depth profiles of five dimictic lakes during both summer stratification and autumn turnover, each containing warm- and cool-water fishes as well as the cold-water stenotherm, lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>). Habitat use by <i>S. namaycush</i> was validated by acoustic telemetry and was significantly related to eDNA distribution during stratification. Fish eDNA became "stratified" into layers during summer months, reflecting lake stratification and the thermal niches of the species. During summer months, <i>S. namaycush</i>, which rarely ventured into shallow waters, could only be detected at the deepest layers of the lakes, whereas the eDNA of warm-water fishes was much more abundant above the thermocline. By contrast, during autumn lake turnover, the fish species assemblage as detected by eDNA was homogenous throughout the water column. These findings contribute to our overall understanding of the "ecology" of eDNA within lake ecosystems, illustrating how the strong interaction between seasonal thermal structure in lakes and thermal niches of species on very localised spatial scales influences our ability to detect species.</p>
Vertical Stratification of Peat Pore Water Dissolved Organic Matter composition in a peat bog in Northern Minnesota
<p>Currently peatlands represent a sink for carbon dioxide and source of atmospheric methane. It is unclear the impact that climate change will have on these systems. As such, a large-scale ecosystem manipulation (Spruce and Peatland Responses under Climatic and Environmental Change, SPRUCE) has been implemented at a peat bog (S1 bog) at the Marcel Experimental Forest (MEF), Minnesota, USA, to determine the effects of climatic forcing on ecosystem processes in northern peatlands. In this study, we aimed to: (i) identify peat pore water dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition as a function of depth before the initiation of the manipulation experiment and (ii) contribute to the knowledge of DOM chemistry and decomposition processes at the S1 bog. We found strong vertical resolution in DOM molecular composition and optical properties within the peat column at the S1 bog. Surface samples were dominated by inputs from surface vegetation. The mid-depth, 30-75cm was an area of high reactivity and increased microbial activity with diagenetic formation of many unique compounds such as polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) that contain both nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms. These compounds were previously observed in coal-derived products and were assumed to be responsible for coal’s biological activity. Biological processes taking place at the intermediate depth zone of the peat profile at the S1 bog are assumed to be responsible for the formation of these heteroatomic PAC in our system. Conversely, these compounds might stem from black carbon and nitrogen from potential fires that occurred at the site in the past. Surface and deep DOM exhibited more similar characteristics suggesting the possibility of lateral and vertical advection of pore water from the surface to the deeper horizons. Our results highlight the importance of understanding processes that control DOM production and transformation with depth.</p> <p>Included: FTICR MS data and optical properties data</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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