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8 results for “visual obstruction”
Visual obstruction, but not moderate traffic noise, increases reliance on heterospecific alarm calls
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Data from: Timing of vegetation sampling does not influence associations between visual obstruction and turkey nest survival in a montane forest
Evaluating relationships between ecological processes that occur concurrently is complicated by the potential for such processes to covary. Ground-nesting birds rely on habitat characteristics that provide concealment from predators; this protection often is provided by vegetation at the nest. Recently, researchers have raised concern that measuring vegetation at nest fate introduces a bias, as vegetation at successful nests is measured later in the growing season. This bias can lead to an erroneous conclusion that plant height is positively associated with nest survival. However, if the features that provide concealment are invariant during the incubation period, no bias should be expected, and the timing of measurement is less influential. We used data collected from 98 nests to evaluate whether there is evidence that such a bias exists in a study of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) nesting in a forest ecosystem. We modelled nest survival as a function of visual obstruction and other covariates of interest. At unsuccessful nests, we collected visual obstruction readings at both the date of nest failure and the projected hatch date and compared survival estimates generated using both sets of vegetation data. In contrast to studies in other systems, we found little evidence that the timing of vegetation sampling influenced conclusions regarding the association between visual obstruction and survival; model selection and estimates of nest survival were similar regardless of when vegetation data were collected. The dominant hiding cover at most of our nests was provided by evergreen shrubs; slow growth of these plants likely prevent appreciable changes in visual obstruction during incubation. When considered with a growing body of literature, our results suggest that the influence of timing of sampling depends on the study system. When designing future studies, investigators should consider the structures that provide nest concealment and whether phenology is confounded with nest survival.
Data from: Visual obstruction and vigilance: a natural experiment
Visual obstructions can cause an increase in antipredator vigilance in prey animals by making predator detection more difficult. However, visual obstructions can also skew the perception of group size and inter-individual distances and impair the detection of alarm signals by conspecifics. These changes within the group alone can cause an increase in vigilance. To disentangle the contribution of these various factors to changes in vigilance, I documented vigilance in a gregarious species, the semipalmated sandpiper Calidris pusilla, foraging in a habitat where a naturally-occurring visual barrier partially prevented predator detection without altering the transfer of information about predation risk within the group. I used a matched sampling design to collect vigilance data for birds using adjacent areas with and without the visual barrier. In the visually-obstructed area, sandpipers maintained a higher level of vigilance, occurred farther away from cover and in smaller flocks, and preferentially scanned the area of danger with one eye in particular. All these changes suggest that visual obstruction increased perceived predation risk. I conclude that it is the inability to get a good view of any approaching predator, rather than changes in intra-group communication that caused the increase in vigilance in the visually-obstructed area.
Assessing the impact of central and peripheral obstructions on visual behavior: insights from gaze-contingent eye-tracking studies
<p>This dataset is a collection of image stimuli, as well as gaze tracks collected using visual field masks, such as central and peripheral scotoma, in order to assess the way people with visual field loss process visual stimuli in digital environments.</p> <h3><strong>This dataset is structured as follows :</strong></h3> <ul> <li>Stimuli: 125 fullHD images (1920x1080) used during the experiment trials; 4 fullHD images used during the training phase.</li> <li>Trials_metadata: <ul> <li>Psychopy_outputs: various callbacks and logs files from the Psychopy experiment</li> <li>trials_metadata: .csv files containing metadata such as stimuli order and timestamps.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Raw_eyetracking_outputs: subfolders containing the raw .edf files output by the Eyelink 1000+ eye-tracker. .edf files are divided into groups of 25 successive stimuli displayed.</li> <li>Raw_gaze_points: .csv files, containing the raw gaze points locations for each subject, stimulus and mask. Blinks, invalid coordinates and out-of-bounds gaze points are already removed from these files.</li> <li>Fixations: .csv files (one per image per participant) containing eye fixations locations extracted from the raw gaze points using a I-VT algorithm with a saccade velocity threshold of 45 deg/s.</li> </ul> <h2><br><strong>Experiment</strong></h2> <h3>Images</h3> <p>This database consists of 100 images collected from personal collections and various public image datasets, such as the CityScapes and the KITTI-360 datasets, covering a variety of themes, including landscapes, people, actions, and nature.<br>Images had a 1920 x 1080 pixel resolution (FullHD) and were shown on a screen with the same resolution. </p> <h3>Eye-tracking data collection</h3> <p>The stimuli were presented to a group of 37 observers, with normal or corrected-to-normal vision. We used a table-mounted EyeLink 1000 Plus eye-tracker, working at a fixed rate of 1000Hz, with a chin rest to ensure data accuracy. Participants were informed that they would observe images both with and without simulated visual field impairments, and the two types of masks used were described. They were also told that the only task is to view the images freely. </p> <p>To familiarize participants with the different types of masks, four training images (distinct from the trial dataset) were provided in the training phase, with each image presented in the three conditions -- peripheral mask, foveal mask, and control (no mask) -- with varying mask sizes. <br>In the trial phase, stimuli were displayed in a random order, with a randomly generated playlist ensuring no three consecutive stimuli were of the same image. A uniform gray screen was displayed between each stimulus. </p> <p>Viewing distance was set to be 90cm.<br>Eye-tracker calibration was carried out using a 9-point calibration protocol, i.e., 9 points were sequentially and randomly shown on the screen, where the observer should fixate their gaze. <br>Additionally, calibration was performed after every 25 displayed images.</p> <p>Each image was presented to the observers for a 5-second period.</p> <p>Each image in the database was presented to the observers under different conditions :<br> - The image without any obstruction, referred to as the control condition (C). <br> - Peripheral mask (P) simulating a tunnel vision, with two circular mask size variations (one individual mask for each eye): 1.5° and 4.5° radius of field of view, referred to as P1 and P2, respectively. <br> - Foveal mask (F) simulating a central scotoma, also with two size variations: 1.5° and 4.5° radius of obstruction, referred to as F1 and F2, in that order.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Visual obstruction and vigilance: a natural experiment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Timing of vegetation sampling does not influence associations between visual obstruction and turkey nest survival in a montane forest
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
3-D Visualization of the Anti-Obstructive Effect of Levocetirizine
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01000792. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Ultrasonic Visualization of Obstructive Uropathies in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04605835. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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