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70 results for “wall lizard”
Dataset: Information content of ultraviolet-reflecting color patches and visual perception of body coloration in the Tyrrhenian wall lizard Podarcis tiliguerta
<p>These are the data sets and R script corresponding to the scientific publication with the same title and authors.</p> <p>Description of these files is available in the file Note.pdf</p>
Fig. 1 in A New Locality of the Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) from Turkey
Fig. 1. Current distribution of Podarcis siculus hieroglyphicus in Turkey (after Uğurtaş et al. 2000, with supplements). Legend: ● – known localities; - the new locality (explanations are in the text).
Figure 2. A in Range extension and morphology of the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) (Squamata: Lacertidae), from Turkey
Figure 2. A general view of the habitats from (a) Atakum (Samsun) and (b) Gelibolu (Çanakkale), where the specimens of Podarcis siculus were found.
Figure 1. A in First records of the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) (Squamata: Lacertidae) in Albania
Figure 1. A: Overview of the distribution of Podarcis siculus in Europe with the delimitation of the inset (B); B: New records of P. siculus (white stars) with topography and main water bodies in background; C: Italian wall lizard from Velipojë (photo by E. Mizsei).
Figure 1 in The common wall lizard Podarcis muralis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) shows diverse food preferences and intraspecific differences: a study case from Bulgaria
Figure 1. Percentage share of the OTUs according to: number of faecal samples of P. muralis in which the OTU was found (Fr.); number of specimens registered in the faecal samples (N); number of specimens, collected by pit-fall traps (Tr.).
Figure 3 in The common wall lizard Podarcis muralis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) shows diverse food preferences and intraspecific differences: a study case from Bulgaria
Figure 3. Percentage share of the categories of evasiveness (E1, E2, and E3) and hardness (H1, H2, and H3) according to the number of categorized prey items from the faecal samples of P. muralis (Ad. = adults; Imm. = immatures; M = males; F = females; Tot. = the entire sample).
Figure 2 in The common wall lizard Podarcis muralis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) shows diverse food preferences and intraspecific differences: a study case from Bulgaria
Figure 2. Diversity profiles of the diet of P. muralis based on the faecal samples from the study sites (Ad. = adults; Imm. = immatures; M = males; F = females).
The role of historical biogeography in shaping colour morph diversity in the common wall lizard
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From performance curves to performance surfaces: Interactive effects of temperature and oxygen availability on aerobic and anaerobic performance in the common wall lizard
<p>1. Accurately predicting the responses of organisms to novel or changing environments requires the development of ecologically-appropriate experimental methodology and process-based models.</p> <p>2. For ectotherms, thermal performance curves (TPCs) have provided a useful framework to describe how organismal performance is dependent on temperature. However, this approach often lacks a mechanistic underpinning, which limits our ability to use thermal performance curves predictively. Further, thermal dependence varies across traits, and performance is also limited by additional abiotic factors, such as oxygen availability.</p> <p>3. We test a central prediction of our recent Hierarchical Mechanisms of Thermal Limitation (HMTL) Hypothesis which proposes that natural hypoxia exposure will reduce maximal performance and cause the thermal performance curve for whole-organism performance to become more symmetrical.</p> <p>4. We quantified thermal performance curves for two traits often used as fitness proxies, sprint speed and aerobic scope, in lizards under conditions of normoxia and high-elevation hypoxia.</p> <p>5. In line with the predictions of HMTL, anaerobically-fueled sprint speed was unaffected by acute hypoxia while the TPC for aerobic scope became shorter and more symmetrical. This change in TPC shape resulted from both the maximum aerobic scope and the optimal temperature for aerobic scope being reduced in hypoxia as predicted.</p> <p>6. Following these results, we present a mathematical framework, which we call Temperature-Oxygen Performance Surfaces (TOPS), to quantify the interactive effects of temperature and oxygen on whole-organism performance in line with the HMTL hypothesis. This framework is transferrable across traits and levels of organization to allow predictions for how ectotherms will respond to novel combinations of temperature and other abiotic factors, providing a useful tool in a time of rapidly changing environmental conditions.</p>
Fig. 2 in A New Locality of the Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) from Turkey
Fig. 2. Photo of the discovered specimen of Podarcis siculus hieroglyphicus. Photo: I. Mollov.
Data from: Sexual color ornamentation, microhabitat choice, and thermal physiology in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
<p>Common wall lizards (<em>Podarcis muralis</em>) in Italy show a striking variation in body coloration across the landscape, with highly exaggerated black and green colors in hot and dry climates and brown and white colors in cool and wet climates. Males are more intensely colored than females, and previous work has suggested that the maintenance of variation in coloration across the landscape reflects climatic effects on the strength of male–male competition, and through this sexual selection. However climatic effects on the intensity of male–male competition would need to be exceptionally strong to fully explain the geographic patterns of color variation. Thus, additional processes may contribute to the maintenance of color variation. Here we test the hypothesis that selection for green and black ornamentation in the context of male–male competition is opposed by selection against ornamentation because the genes involved in the regulation of coloration have pleiotropic effects on thermal physiology, such that ornamentation is selected against in cool climates. Field observations revealed no association between body coloration and microhabitat use or field active body temperatures. Consistent with these field data, lizards at the extreme ends of the phenotypic distribution for body coloration did not show any differences in critical minimum temperature, preferred body temperature, temperature‐dependent metabolic rate, or evaporative water loss when tested in the laboratory. Combined, these results provide no evidence that genes that underlie sexual ornamentation are selected against in cool climate because of pleiotropic effects on thermal biology.</p>
The size of a smell: assessment of rival's size from femoral secretions in the common wall lizards
<p>Animal communication depends on signals conveying information to a receiver who must perceive and decode them. Signals involved in territoriality are usually complex stimuli that should be correctly interpreted to avoid unnecessary conflicts. Lacertids use both visual and chemical stimuli in modulating their aggressive response against conspecifics and the rival's size is one of the most important information, affecting the success probability in a combat. To assess the actual ability of decoding information about rival's size based on its chemical stimulus alone, 60 males of Podarcis muralis were tested for three consecutive days in an arena bearing a mirror (to simulate an equal-sized intruder), and the chemical cues (femoral secretions) from an unknown individual of different size. Significant differences were observed in tongue-flicks number, which grew as the size difference between the focal lizard and the secretion donor decreased. This can be interpreted as the need for the lizard to better evaluate the potential competitor's characteristics. The size difference also affected the number of bites against the mirror, which increased when the size of the focal lizard was larger than the donor triggering the aggressive response with a higher probability of winning the contest, as expected if the focal lizard had correctly decoded the information about the opponent's size by chemical stimulus. Although previous studies have shown that some components of the chemical signals are potentially informative about the signaller's size, this is the first demonstration that male P. muralis are actually able to decode and use such information.</p>
Data from: Urban wall lizards are resilient to high levels of blood lead
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Data from: The effects of meal size and feeding frequency on digestion in common wall lizards (<em>Podarcis muralis</em>)
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From performance curves to performance surfaces: Interactive effects of temperature and oxygen availability on aerobic and anaerobic performance in the common wall lizard
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The size of a smell: assessment of rival’s size from femoral secretions in the common wall lizards
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Microgeographic diversity does not drive macroevolutionary divergence in bite force of the Ibiza wall lizard, Podarcis pityusensis
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Data from: Rapid genetic assimilation of native wall lizard populations (Podarcis muralis) through extensive hybridization with introduced lineages
The Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis) has established more than 150 non-native populations in Central Europe, stemming from eight geographically distinct evolutionary lineages. While the majority of these introduced populations are found outside the native range, some of these populations also exist at the northern range margin in south-western Germany. In order to a) infer the level of hybridization in contact zones of alien and native lineages and b) compare the genetic diversity among purebred introduced, native and hybrid populations we used a combination of maternally inherited markers (mtDNA: cytb) and Mendelian markers (microsatellites). Our results suggest a rapid genetic assimilation of native populations by strong introgression from introduced lineages. Discordant patterns of mtDNA and nDNA variation within hybrid populations may be explained by directed mate choice of females towards males of alien lineages. In contrast to previous studies we found a non-linear relationship between genetic diversity and admixture level. The genetic diversity of hybrid populations was substantially higher than in introduced and native populations belonging to a single lineage, but rapidly reaching a plateau of high genetic diversity at an admixture level of two. However, even introduced populations with low founder sizes and from one source population retained moderate levels of genetic diversity and no evidence for a genetic bottleneck was found. The extent of introgression and the dominance of alien haplotypes in mixed populations indicate that introductions of non-native lineages represent a serious threat to the genetic integrity of native populations due to the rapid creation of hybrid swarms.
Data from: Multilocus genetic diversity and historical biogeography of the endemic wall lizard from Ibiza and Formentera, Podarcis pityusensis (Squamata: Lacertidae)
Two monophyletic sister species of wall lizards inhabit the two main groups of Balearic Islands: Podarcis lilfordi from islets and small islands around Mallorca and Menorca and Podarcis pityusensis from Ibiza, Formentera and associated islets. Genetic diversity within the endangered P. lilfordi has been well characterized, but P. pityusensis has not been studied in depth. Here, 2430 bp of mtDNA and 15 microsatellite loci were analysed from P. pityusensis populations from across its natural range. Two main genetic groupings were identified, although geographical structuring differed slightly between the mtDNA and the nuclear loci. In general, individuals from islets/islands adjacent to the main island of Ibiza were genetically distinct from those from Formentera and the associated Freus islands for both mtDNA and the nuclear loci. However, most individuals from the island of Ibiza were grouped with neighbouring islets/islands for nuclear loci, but with Formentera and Freus islands for the mitochondrial locus. A time-calibrated Bayesian tree was constructed for the principal mitochondrial lineages within the Balearics, using the multispecies coalescent model, and provided statistical support for divergence of the two main P. pityusensis lineages 0.111–0.295 Ma. This suggests a mid-late Pleistocene intraspecific divergence, compared with an early Pleistocene divergence in P. lilfordi, and postdates some major increases in sea level between 0.4 and 0.6 Ma, which may have flooded Formentera. The program IMa2 provided a posterior divergence time of 0.089–0.221 Ma, which was similar to the multispecies coalescent tree estimate. More significantly, it indicated low but asymmetric effective gene copy migration rates, with higher migration from Formentera to Ibiza populations. Our findings suggest that much of the present-day diversity may have originated from a late Pleistocene colonization of one island group from the other, followed by allopatric divergence of these populations. Subsequent gene flow between these insular groups seems likely to be explained by recent human introductions. Two evolutionary significant units can be defined for P. pityusensis but these units would need to exclude the populations that have been the subjects of recent admixture.
Data from: Comparison of reproductive investment in native and non-native populations of common wall lizards reveals sex differences in adaptive potential.
Non-native animals can encounter very different environments than those they are adapted to. Functional changes in morphology, physiology and life-history following introduction show that organisms can adapt both fast and efficiently. It remains unclear, however, if female reproductive characters and male sexually selected behaviour show the same adaptive potential. Furthermore, the invasion success and evolutionary trajectory of non-native species might often depend on the ability of the sexes to coordinate shifts in characters associated with reproductive strategy. The common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, has been repeatedly introduced from Southern Europe to England over the past 80 years. Lizards in England experience a cool, seasonal climate that effectively restricts recruitment to the first clutch of the season, whereas in their native range up to three clutches per season recruit. As a consequence, both females and males in non-native populations should benefit from reducing or even eliminating their reproductive investment in second clutches. Using a combination of field data and experiments, we show that non-native females produce relatively larger and heavier first seasonal clutches and smaller and lighter second seasonal clutches compared to native females. In contrast, non-native and native males do not differ in their territorial and sexual behaviour later in the season. An adaptive shift in male seasonal reproductive investment may be constrained because males use breeding females as cues for sexual behaviour. If this is so, we expect a general pattern across climatic regimes whereby female reproductive investment evolves first, with responses in males lagging behind.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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