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9 results for “water conflicts”
Datapanel for Understanding Global Water Cooperation and Conflict Dynamics
<p>The panel forms the baseline for analysis of water-related cooperation and conflict events worldwide between 1951-2019. When the scientific paper is published, a link and reference will be added here.</p> <p>The panel includes events per country-year, socioeconomic variables per country-year, and climatic variables per basin-year or country-year depending on availability. The data for demographic, economic, and climatic variables used in this study were sourced from various international databases (see table) and were here merged into a country-year panel (see figure). Water cooperation and conflict event records include the year, geographic location, and countries involved in conflict and cooperation (Kåresdotter et al., 2022b). The socio-economic variables include World Development Indicators (WDI), available from 1960 as yearly values per country. Precipitation data were obtained from outputs of the Water Balance Model (WBM) as modeled by Kåresdotter et al., (2022a), and extracted as yearly mean values per hydrological basin from HydroBASINS level 6 used for Aqueduct water risk indicators (Hofste et al., 2019; World Resources Institute, 2023, 2019). A baseline water stress was used for water stress, i.e., a long-term chronic water stress measure defined as the ratio of total water withdrawal to available renewable surface and groundwater supply (Hofste et al., 2019). Regional classifications are based on the United Nations Statistics Division geographic regions (UN Statistics Division, n.d.). The input datasets were consolidated to reflect basin-level values for conflicts and cooperation events, instead of using country-level mean values.</p> <p><strong>Table 1. Summary of variables in the water cooperation and conflict panel</strong></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Variable</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Definition</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Unit</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Datasource</strong></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Event type</p> </td> <td> <p>Type of water-related event (conflict, cooperation, both, no event)</p> </td> <td> <p>Categorical (0 or 1)</p> </td> <td> <p>Kåresdotter et al., (2022b)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Population density</p> </td> <td> <p>Number of people per unit area</p> </td> <td> <p>People per square km</p> </td> <td> <p>WDI</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Export</p> </td> <td> <p>Export metrics of the country</p> </td> <td> <p>USD</p> </td> <td> <p>WDI</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>GDP per capita</p> </td> <td> <p>Economic output per person</p> </td> <td> <p>USD per person</p> </td> <td> <p>WDI</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Rural population</p> </td> <td> <p>Proportion of population in rural areas</p> </td> <td> <p>Percentage</p> </td> <td> <p>WDI</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Precipitation</p> </td> <td> <p>Amount of rainfall or precipitation</p> </td> <td> <p>Millimeters</p> </td> <td> <p>Created for Kåresdotter et al., (2022a)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Water stress</p> </td> <td> <p>Baseline water stress</p> </td> <td> <p>Categorical (0 to 5)</p> </td> <td> <p> Aqueduct 3.0 (events up until 1984) and 4.0</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Coordinates</p> </td> <td> <p>Latitude and longitude of event</p> </td> <td> <p>Degree</p> </td> <td> <p>Kåresdotter et al., (2022b)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Region</p> </td> <td> <p>Geographic region of event(s)</p> </td> <td> <p>Region</p> </td> <td> <p>UN Statistics Division</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Event text</p> </td> <td> <p>Text describing the conflict or cooperation event</p> </td> <td> <p>Event text</p> </td> <td> <p>Kåresdotter et al., (2022b)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Year</p> </td> <td> <p>Year of observation</p> </td> <td> <p>Year</p> </td> <td> <p> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Meta-study water and mining conflicts
<p>This dataset comprises the raw data and R Script for the following published article: Schoderer, M., & Ott, M. (2022). Contested water-and miningscapes–Explaining the high intensity of water and mining conflicts in a meta-study. <em>World Development</em>, <em>154</em>, 105888. The article seeks to better understand the dynamics of mining and water conflicts, specifically under which (combinations of) conditions environmental defenders step outside the legal framework in their contestation of mining projects, according to existing case study-based research. More information on the methodology is available in the paper.</p> <p>The file Water and mining conflicts full dataset includes the qualitative information extracted from published articles, the scoring scheme and the normalized scores used in the R analysis.<br> The R Script QCA_Preventive water and mining conflicts describes the fuzzy-set, two-step Qualitative Comparative Analysis conduct to understand under which conditions environmental defenders choose non-legal means in conflicts that occur in the planning or licensing stage of a mining project<br> The CSV file Normalized scores_preventive is the raw data used in the R Script QCA_Preventive water and mining conflicts<br> The R Script QCA_Reactive water and mining conflicts describes the fuzzy-set, two-step Qualitative Comparative Analysis conduct to understand under which conditions environmental defenders choose non-legal means in conflicts that occur when the mining project is already in operation<br> The CSV file Normalized scores_reactive is the raw data used in the R Script QCA_Reactive water and mining conflicts</p>
Dataset Mother-offspring conflict for water varies across altitude and is mitigated in the oviparous form of the bimodal lizard Zootoca vivipara
<p>The female dataset provides the responses of gravid and non reproductive female common lizard to a two week period of water restriction. This includes the measures of body mass (BM) and plasma osmolality (osmo) at the onset and the end of this timing. Dataset also reports different information on reproductive performance and characteristics of the population they came from. </p> <p>The juvenile dataset provides the morphological (snout-vent length: SVL, body mass: BM) and the sex of hatchling. We also included information about mother identity (cltuch effect), mother treatment and the characteristics of populations they came from. </p>
Dataset and Screening code for Reviewing Water Conflicts in a Changing Climate
<p>A scoping review was performed to quantify concepts covered in the scientific literature relating to water conflict in a changing climate. The uploaded files consists of:</p> <ul> <li>A list of all studies found using the search terms ("Included studies and categories")</li> <li>All meta categories and concept categories, with all search strings used, ("Included studies and categories") and </li> <li>The MATLAB code used to screen and remove irrelevant studies after the queries. ("Screening_review")</li> <li>An example Excel sheet on how to structure papers for screening using the MATLAB code. ("Example_screening")</li> </ul> <p>All searches were using Scopus and performed 9 Jan 2024. Search terms used were:</p> <ol> <li>(“climate change” OR “global warming” OR “environmental change”) AND (conflict OR dispute) AND (water OR hydrology)</li> <li>(conflict OR dispute) AND hydroclimat*</li> <li>(“water conflict” OR “water dispute”) AND (precipitation OR temperature OR drought)</li> <li>(conflict OR dispute) AND “climate change”</li> <li>hydropolitic*</li> <li>“water conflict” OR “water dispute”</li> </ol> <p>The final publication selection for the scoping review was made based on four criteria, all of which needed to be fulfilled for each selected study:<br>i) the study is considering water-related conflicts (conflicts directly or indirectly related to freshwater aspects, such as water scarcity or lack of access to water); <br>ii) the study considers the water-related conflict(s) in a climate change context (directly or indirectly related to climate change, including direct impact of climate change adaptation measures); <br>iii) the study addresses factors relating to a previous or ongoing act of conflict (violent or non-violent) and not just potential conflicts or conflict mitigation measures, for example for future water resource decline. <br>Relevance based on these criteria was first evaluated by reading the abstracts and the full text was examined only when further clarification on the relevance of a study was needed.</p> <p>For our analysis, we created categories that bring together several similar words around the same broader concepts. For example, the category ‘governance’ includes the words policy, politic\w*, polici\w*, democra\w*, govern\w*, supreme court, minist\w*, and federal (for all concept categories, see the uploaded file). The different categories were further grouped together into category groups: political, livelihoods and industry, climate change, conflict, cooperation, and scale.</p> <p>Results will be found in the open-source article after publication and then the DOI and reference to that article will be added here.</p>
New global dataset on historical water-related conflict and cooperation events
<p>The water-related conflict and cooperation events database was created as a part of a larger project: "The missing link: how does the climate affect human conflicts and collaborations through water?" where the goal is to increase understanding of how people and the climate affect water flows and how, in turn, these changes affect cooperation and conflicts over water. Formas, project 2017-00,608 support this project.</p> <p>The database includes a collection of cooperation and conflict events between 1951 and 2019. The Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database (2010) and WCC (Pacific Institute, Oakland, CA, 2022) were used as data on water-related acts of cooperation and conflict over time. As TFDD cooperation data ends in 2008, cooperation events were extended following a similar methodology as was used in the creation of TFDD. Further, geographic locations and regional classifications were added to all events, which can be used to create visualizations and extract subsets of the database for different parts of the world. The database methodology flow chart included in the files gives a brief overview of steps taken to prepare and process the data into the database.</p> <p>The openly available scientific article in Science of the Total Environment (STOTEN) highlight findings using this dataset and gives further explanations relating to the database. The article can be found here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161555">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161555</a>.</p>
Data from: Sexual conflict and antagonistic coevolution across water strider populations
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Data from: Water restriction causes an intergenerational trade-off and delayed mother-offspring conflict in a viviparous lizard
1. Parenting is costly and because the relationship between the mother and embryos is not mutualistic, mother-offspring conflicts may exist whenever resource are scarce. However, intergenerational trade-offs and conflicts resulting from limited access to water, a vital and depreciable resource, remain largely overlooked. 2. In this study, we examined the physiological, reproductive and life history responses to water restriction in the European Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara). We hypothesised that, under water-limited conditions, pregnant females experience both short-term and long-term physiological impacts (dehydration and stress) underlying an allocation trade-off for water between mothers and offspring. 3. Water restriction led to a decrease in body mass, and an increase in plasma osmolality (dehydration) and corticosterone concentration in both males and females. The extent of the dehydration was positively correlated with fecundity in females. This suggests a trade-off between maternal water balance and allocation of water to developing embryos during reproduction. 4. Water restriction had no immediate effect on reproductive output or offspring morphology at birth. Yet, water restriction in pregnant females enhanced their reproductive effort the following year but reduced the early life growth and annual survival of their second-year offspring. 5. These delayed fitness responses to water restriction in offspring and mothers suggest that water can trigger intergenerational conflicts as demonstrated for energy. Although the mediation of this conflict remains to be clarified, we hypothesized that it represents a selective force that influences reproductive strategies.
Data from: Intergenerational trade-off for water may induce a mother-offspring conflict in favour of embryos in a viviparous snake
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Data from: Water restriction causes an intergenerational trade-off and delayed mother-offspring conflict in a viviparous lizard
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