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73 results for “water loss”
SERENA EJPSoil Soil loss by water erosion of Tuscany (Italy)
<p>The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.</p> <p>One of the objective of SERENA project was to develop methods to calculate and map soil-based ecosystem services and soil threats. The present data was prepared according to the methodology of the SERENA Soil erosion and soil erosion control cookbook. Soil loss was used as an indicator for soil erosion (ST). The map of soil loss by water erosion (soil threat) was based on the RUSLE model. For Italy, the cookbook was applied in the Tuscany region. <br> <br>To create the soil loss map we used:</p> <ul> <li>for R-factor, not freely available database of meteorological parameters spatialized at 250 m (minimum and maximum daily air temperature; cumulate daily precipitation) over Tuscany region (period 1990–2022, Lamma Consortium) and a local linear equation between R and mean annual precipitation (P);</li> <li>for C -factor, Regional Land use map 1:10.000 (2018, freely available at: https://www502.regione.toscana.it/geoscopio/usocoperturasuolo.html) and ESDAC method (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.021) ; </li> <li>for K-factor, sand, silt, clay, and O.C. (%) maps (built from 4.000 soil profiles, following FAO’s methodology in GSP-GSOC map, Lamma Consortium), and Torri et al. (1997) function;</li> <li>for LS-factor, DEM 10 m of Tuscany, (freely available at https://www502.regione.toscana.it/geoscopio/cartoteca.html99) and Desmet & Govers (1996) SAGA tool (applied at 10 m and upscaled);</li> <li>for P-factor, not freely available database 1:10.00 of terraced areas (Lamma Consortium, 2020) (for terraced areas a multiplication factor of 0.5 was considered, based on expert evaluation)</li> </ul> <p>Maps was delivered in the GeoTIFF format in the resolution of 100m. <br>Delivered data will be validated by stakeholders from Italy (scientist) in October, 2024.</p>
Roughness and Energy Losses Induced by Mussel Growth on the Walls of Hydraulic Structures and Application to a Water Transfer Project
<p>This file contains the ADV data of <em>Roughness and Energy Losses Induced by Mussel Growth on the Walls of Hydraulic Structures and Application to a Water Transfer Project</em>.</p>
Data: Projecting the Response of Greenland's Peripheral Glaciers to Future Climate Change: Glacier Losses, Sea Level Impact, Freshwater Contributions, and Peak Water Timing
<p>The dataset contains supporting data for the paper submitted to The Cryosphere "Projecting the Response of Greenland's Peripheral Glaciers to Future Climate Change: Glacier Losses, Sea Level Impact, Freshwater Contributions, and Peak Water Timing".<br><br>OGGM_area_projections.nc contains data for Figure 3.<br>OGGM_volume_projections contains data for Figure 4.</p> <p>OGGM_MassLoss_SLR_projections_regions.nc contains data for Figure 5.</p> <p>OGGM_solid_ice_discharge_regions.nc contains data for Figure 6.</p> <p>OGGM_freshwater_runoff_magnitude_composition_timings_projections.nc & OGGM_freshwater_runoff_projections_regions.nc contain data for Figure 7.</p> <p>OGGM_PeakWaterYear_projections_regions.nc contains data for Figure 8.</p>
Surface water loss hotspots and areas of human pressure in Italy
<p>In Italy, surface water bodies are the main source of water withdrawals. However, growing human pressures are significantly changing surface water availability, gradually reducing its extent.</p> <p>We analyze the influence of human activities on surface water losses occurred in Italy between 1984 and 2021. To do so, we identify three areas of human pressure, i.e., regions of human activities that heavily rely on the use of surface water:</p> <ol> <li>Irrigated area (IRR);</li> <li>Built-up area (BUP), indicating areas of human settlements (urban and industrial areas);</li> <li>Anthropogenic area (ANT), indicating areas of either irrigation practices or human settlements.</li> </ol> <p>Here, we provide the datasets describing the spatial distribution of surface water loss (SWL), irrigated areas, built-up areas, and anthropogenic areas, and the land cover classification for 2021 across Italy (LC). Such datasets have been derived from remotely-sensed products. In particular, the location of SWL is determined using the Transitions layer of the Global Surface Water dataset (Pekel et al., 2016), whereas the maps of irrigated and built-up areas are obtained from the Corine Land Cover (CLC) 2018 dataset (EEA, 2018). Finally, the land cover map is extracted from the ESA WorldCover map (version 2) for the year 2021 (Zanaga et al., 2022).</p> <p>In the map of SWL, irrigated areas, built-up areas, and anthropogenic areas the value 1 indicates the presence of SWL or irrigated area or built-up area or anthropogenic area, respectively. The 2021 land cover map follows the classification system of the ESA WorldCover map (11 classes).</p> <p>References:</p> <p><em>Pekel, JF.; Cottam, A.; Gorelick, N.; Belward, A.S. (2016). High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418–422.</em></p> <p><em>European Union, Copernicus Land Monitoring Service 2018, European Environment Agency (EEA).</em></p> <p><em>Zanaga, D.; Van De Kerchove, R.; Daems, D.; De Keersmaecker, W.; Brockmann, C.; Kirches, G.; Wevers, J.; Cartus, O.; Santoro, M.; Fritz, S.; Lesiv, M.; Herold, M.; Tsendbazar, N.E.; Xu, P.; Ramoino, F.; Arino, O. ESA WorldCover 10 m 2021 v200, 2022.</em></p>
Water depth influences survival and predator-specific patterns of nest loss in three secretive marsh bird species
<p>Wetlands have become increasingly rare in the United States, negatively influencing wetland-dependent birds, and many remaining wetlands are intensively managed through seasonal dewatering mimicking historic flood pulses during spring and summer. However, water around nests may provide protection from terrestrial predators, and lowering water levels during the breeding season of wetland birds may increase predation risk and exacerbate marsh bird population declines. Understanding interactions between water depth, nesting marsh birds, and nest predators is critical to aid managers in developing a multi-species management approach in emergent wetlands. During the 2020 and 2021 breeding seasons, we examined nest survival of 148 marsh bird nests (American Coot, <em>Fulica americana</em>, <em>n</em> = 1; Common Gallinule, <em>Gallinula galeata</em>, <em>n</em> = 64; and Least Bittern; <em>Ixobrychus exilis</em>, <em>n</em> = 83) and installed cameras at 78 nests to identify predators at a large, restored floodplain wetland in Illinois where the primary management technique is seasonal water removal to stimulate germination of moist soil plants. We found nest predation of, and abandonment by, Least Bittern and Common Gallinule were related to shallower water, and early season, high volume dewatering. Least Bitterns nested more commonly along wetland edges and nests farther from the shore were more likely to survive. Similarly, we found mammalian depredation of nests and nest abandonment decreased when deeper water was present around nests. Alternatively, snake predation was observed earlier in the year prior to water removal from inundated emergent vegetation. Our results demonstrate water depth may be an important deterrent of nest predators, especially mammals, during the breeding season. Further, we recommend managers delay dewatering until after the nesting season at sites where management for conservation-priority marsh birds is a focus.</p>
Time changes everything: A multispecies analyses of temporal patterns in evaporative water loss - data
<p>The dataset was analysed in the manuscript “Žagar A., Carretero, M.A., de Groot M. (accepted) Time changes everything: A multispecies analyses of temporal patterns in evaporative water loss. Oecologia”</p> <p>The dataset consisted out of water loss by 23 populations of lizards from 16 different species and three families which was compiled from several different studies. All studies used the same standardized protocols. During the experiment every hour for 12 hours, the body weight of the lizard was measured (in total 13 measurements per lizard). The species name (SP), the snout-vent length of the animal (SVL, in millimetres), altitude (m a.s.l.), sampling location (site name, latitude and longitude), weight (in grams), sex (M=male, F=female), code of the individual lizard (CODE), date of experiment (DATE_H) and the reference of the study were noted down (full references are available in the manuscript). Per column the instantaneous water loss values (EWLi) were recorded per hour measured. First hour was EWLi8, second hour was EWLi9, etc. The EWLi was calculated by the weight minus the weight in the next hour divided by the weight multiplied by 100 ((W<sub>n</sub> – W<sub>n+1 </sub>/ W<sub>n</sub>) × 100).</p>
Code and data for "Global warming generates predictable extinctions of warm- and cold-water marine benthic invertebrates via thermal habitat loss"
<pre>This repository contains the following information: Datasets S1 to S4 can all be loaded, manipulated, and analysed in R using script provided in Data S5 to obtain the results of the paper, Reddin et al. 2022, "Global warming generates predictable extinctions of warm and cold-water marine benthic invertebrates via thermal habitat loss". Data S1. (separate file) The original downloaded PaleoDB dataset. Data S2. (separate file) The pre-prepared dataset of occurrences. Data S3. (separate file) The finished environmental dataset. Data S4. (separate file) Additional environmental dataset. Data S5. (separate file) The R-code for the main analysis. Data S6. (compressed directory) Output data and code from the simulations. Table S7 (separate file). List of data source publications for PaleoDB data used in our study. Listed are the data source author list (ref_author), year (ref_pubyr), and reference number as appears in the PaleoDB (reference_no). </pre>
Data supporting the manuscript entitled: 'Intermittent soil water stress history favors microbial traits that better mitigate wheat biomass losses during subsequent water stress.'
<p>Data living in this data repository supports the scientific article entitled: Intermittent soil water stress history favors microbial traits that better mitigate wheat biomass losses during subsequent water stress.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset for "Meteorological drivers of vineyard water vapour loss and water use efficiency during dry days" [corrected version]
<p>Dataset for "Meteorological drivers of vineyard water vapour loss and water use efficiency during dry days".</p>
Data from: Additive effects of developmental acclimation and physiological syndromes on lifetime metabolic and water loss rates of a dry-skinned ectotherm
<p>Data sets from the paper: "Additive effects of developmental acclimation and physiological syndromes on lifetime metabolic and water loss rates of a dry-skinned ectotherm" by Dezetter et al. in Functional Ecology.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for: Higher water loss on Earth-like exoplanets in eccentric orbits
<p>The climate of a terrestrial exoplanet is controlled by the type of host star, the orbital configuration and the characteristics of the atmosphere and the surface. Many rocky exoplanets have higher eccentricities than those in the Solar System, and about 18% of planets with masses < 10 M⊕ have 𝑒 > 0.1. Underexplored are the implications of such high eccentricities on the atmosphere, climate, and potential habitability on such planets. We use WACCM6, a state-of-the-art fully-coupled Earth-system model, to simulate the climates of two Earth-like planets; one in a circular orbit (𝑒 = 0), and one in an eccentric orbit (𝑒 = 0.4). We quantify the effects of eccentricity on the atmospheric water abundance and loss given the importance of liquid water for habitability. The asymmetric temperature response in the eccentric orbit results in a water vapour mixing ratio in the stratosphere (> 20 ppmv) that is approximately five times greater than that for circular orbit (∼ 4 ppmv). This leads to a ∼ 3 time increase in the atmospheric hydrogen loss rate and a corresponding ∼ 3 times decrease in the ocean loss timescale. Thus, highly-eccentric Earth-like exoplanets can still retain their oceans over the lifetime of the system. Using the Planetary Spectrum Generator, we simulate the idealised transmission spectra for both cases. We find that the water absorption features are stronger at all wavelengths for the 𝑒 = 0.4 spectrum than for the circular case. Hence, highly-eccentric Earth-like exoplanets may be prime targets for future transmission spectroscopy observations to confirm, or otherwise, the presence of atmospheric water vapour.</p>
Hydration and evaporative water loss of lizards change in response to temperature and humidity acclimation
<p>Data and code associated with the 2023 publication in the Journal of Experimental Biology (doi:10.1242/jeb.246459).</p>
Water depth influences survival and predator-specific patterns of nest loss in three secretive marsh bird species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Water limitation drives species loss in grassland communities after nitrogen addition and warming
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: Higher water loss on Earth-like exoplanets in eccentric orbits
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Validating a novel capability of assessing pathways of animal water gain and loss
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Heat and water loss vs shelter: a dilemma in thermoregulatory decision-making for a retreat-dwelling nocturnal gecko
<p>Understanding the interaction between upper voluntary thermal limit (VT<sub>max</sub>) and water loss may aid in predicting responses of ectotherms to increasing temperatures within microhabitats. However, the temperature (VT<sub>max</sub>) at which climate heating will force cool-climate, nocturnal lizards to abandon daytime retreats remains poorly known. Here, we developed a new laboratory protocol for determining VT<sub>max</sub> in the retreat-dwelling, viviparous <i>Woodworthia</i> Otago/Southland gecko, based on escape behaviour (abandonment of heated retreat). We compared the body temperature (T<sub>b</sub>) at VT<sub>max</sub>, and duration of heating, between two source groups with different thermal histories, and among three reproductive groups. We also examined continuous changes in T<sub>b</sub> (via an attached biologger) and total evaporative water loss (EWL) during heating. In the field, we measured T<sub>b</sub> and microhabitat thermal profiles to establish whether geckos reach VT<sub>max</sub> in nature. We found that VT<sub>max</sub> and duration of heating varied between source groups (and thus potentially with prior thermal experience), but not among reproductive groups. Moreover, geckos reached a peak temperature slightly higher than VT<sub>max</sub> before abandoning the retreat. Total EWL increased with increasing VT<sub>max</sub> and with the duration of heating. In the field, pregnant geckos with attached biologgers reached VT<sub>max</sub> temperature, and temperatures of some separately monitored microhabitats exceeded VT<sub>max</sub> in hot weather implying that some retreats must be abandoned to avoid overheating. Our results suggest that cool-climate nocturnal lizards that inhabit daytime retreats may abandon retreats more frequently if climate warming persists, implying a trade-off between retention of originally occupied shelter and ongoing water loss due to overheating.</p>
Surface Water Loss map and Urbanization map
<p>Surface water are severly affected by human activities, and here we defined two novel datasets, both derived from remote sensing data, to investigate the influence of urban areas on the spatial distribution of surface water loss locations across the watersheds in the United States: the Surface Water Loss map and the Urbanization map.</p> <p>The Surface Water Loss map is a binary map that identifies the geographical location of surface water depletion hotspots. It was obtained from the Surface Water Transitions layer of the Global Surface Water dataset (Pekel et al., 2016). Pixels values in the map are as follows: 0 = No surface water loss, 1 = Surface water loss hotspots.</p> <p>The Urbanization map is a binary map that shows the presence of built-up areas. It was generated from the GHS-BUILT layer from the Global Human Settlement dataset (Corbane et al., 2019). Pixels values in the map are as follows: 0 = No urban area, 1 = Urban area.<br><br><em>References:</em><br>Corbane et al. (2019). Automated global delineation of human settlements from 40 years of Landsat satellite data archives. Big Earth Data 3, 140-169, https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2019.1625528</p> <p>Pekel et al. (2016). High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418-422, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20584</p>
High total water loss driven by low-fat diet in desert-adapted mice
<p>All raw data (Expedata files) and processed machine-readable csv files</p> <p>Availability of essential resources is one of the most important drivers of survival and to persist in changing environments, animals must either relocate or adapt in place. Testing an animal's ability to respond to alternative conditions can reveal differences in physiological responses. We used flow-through respirometry to characterize metabolic phenotypes of the desert-adapted cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) under diurnally variable environmental conditions that mimic the Sonoran Desert and treated mice with two different diets: a standard diet and a low-fat diet. We found significant diet-specific differences in the rate of water loss and serum electrolyte values. Mice fed the low-fat diet lost more water relative to those eating the standard diet and patterns of de novo lipogenesis is not limited by dietary composition. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that diet contributes to water homeostasis. Compared to other desert animals, rodents have limited capacity to dissipate heat using evaporative cooling, limiting thermoregulatory performance at higher temperatures. We predict that a mismatch in physiological requirements, the availability of different food types, and environmental conditions, could significantly impact P. eremicus survival.</p>
Data from: Variations in bark structural properties affect both water loss and carbon economics in neotropical savanna trees in the Cerrado region of Brazil
<p><span>Even after complete stomatal closure, plants lose water through the leaf cuticles and bark. This residual water conductance of leaves (g<sub>leaf-res</sub>) and stems (g<sub>bark</sub>) can negatively impact plant water balance and affect plant survival in seasonally dry environments. However, little is known about the costs and benefits associated with such water leaks, especially on stem level. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we characterized the structural and functional determinants of the variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across tropical savanna species to elucidate how variations in this trait are related to contrasting growth strategies. </span></p> <p><span>The high variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across species was associated with morphoantomical properties of the outer bark (thickness, density, and lenticel investment), and such characteristics influenced both stem transpiration and respiration, suggesting the existence of a trade-off between water conservation and oxygen permeability, which reflected contrasting growth and dehydration tolerance strategies</span><span>. For instance, species with higher g<sub>bark</sub> and g<sub>leaf-res</sub> presented a fast resource acquisition strategy but were more prone to drought-induced mortality by hydraulic failure. However, model simulations revealed that the relative contribution of g<sub>leaf-res</sub> and g<sub>bark</sub> to overall water balance depended on whether leaves were less or more resistant to cavitation than the stems. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. By combining correlative studies, experimental results, and a modeling exercise, we provide a new understanding of the costs and benefits associated with the variability in g<sub>bark</sub> across tropical savanna species, and a new perspective for studies of water relations and carbon economics in species from a hyperdiverse savanna. </span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.