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46 results for “water uptake”
Water column primary production from inorganic carbon uptake for 24h at simulated in situ light levels in deck incubators, collected at Palmer Station Antarctica during Palmer LTER field seasons, 1994-2025.
Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from the 1994-1995 season through the 2006-2007 season. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in the 2009-2010 season. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations within the Palmer LTER region (primarily B and E, to 50m and 65m respectively). Beginning in the 2020-2021 season, Station B is no longer sampled. Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the Palmer Station sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period. Primary production experiments were not conducted during the 2020-2021 nor 2023-2024 field seasons. There was no field season in 2021-2022.
Water column primary production from inorganic carbon uptake for 24h at simulated in situ (SIS) light levels in deck incubators, collected aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1995 – 2023.
Primary Production experiments were led by Vernet from 1995-2008. Schofield is the current lead, beginning in 2009. Methods have been kept consistent as much as possible over the full time series and different Principal Investigators. Primary production is the uptake of inorganic carbon and assimilation of it into organic matter by phytoplankton. Primary production rates, expressed as mgC per m3 per day were measured by the uptake of radioactive (14C) sodium bicarbonate. Water samples are collected throughout the water column at stations along the Western Antarctica Peninsula at regular PAL-LTER grid stations. Water is put into borosilicate bottles, inoculated with 1 uCi of NaH14CO3 per bottle, and incubated in an outdoor deck incubator. The incubator is plumbed to the ship sea water system to maintain ambient seawater temperature and bottles are screened to in situ light levels. The uptake of 14C-bicarbonate by the phytoplankton was measured in a scintillation counter after a 24-hour incubation period. Data is unavailable for the LMG16-01 cruise due to measurement issues. Data is temporarily unavailable for the LMG20-01 cruise. Primary production experiments were not conducted during the 2022 (NBP21-13) nor 2024 (LMG24-01) cruises. There was no cruise in the austral summer of 2021.
Stable isotope and conservative tracer data used to estimate uptake of stream water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) through a whole-stream addition of a ¹³C-DOC tracer coupled with laboratory measurements of bioavailability of the tracer and stream water DOC using lability profiling with bioreactors
We performed a whole-stream addition of a ¹³C-DOC tracer and made laboratory measurements of the biological availability of the tracer as well as stream water DOC. The study was performed in October 2002 in a 1.27 km stretch of the third-order White Clay Creek in southeastern Pennsylvania. The tracer was prepared as a cold-water leachate of ¹³C-labeled tulip poplar saplings and it was added to the stream along with sodium bromide, a conservative tracer, over a 2-h period. Stream water samples were collected at 8 downstream stations over an 8-h period, filtered, and analyzed for concentrations of bromide and DOC. DOC was measured by Pt-catalyzed, persulfate oxidation, Br- was analyzed by ion chromatography, and C isotope samples were rotary evaporated, acidified, lyophilized, combusted, and the CO₂ analyzed with an elemental analyzer interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Lability profiling of the ¹³C-DOC tracer and stream water DOC were performed with a series of plug-flow bioreactors of increasing empty-bed contact times with the concentration of biodegradable DOC operationally defined as the difference between the DOC concentrations in the influent and effluent waters of the bioreactors. The bioreactor measurements were performed 2 days after the whole-stream release. Data were analyzed to estimate the uptake of stream water DOC associated with labile and semi-labile fraction of biodegradable DOC. These data have been previously used in a 2008 publication in Freshwater Biology, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01941.x.
Data and results for manuscript "Small scale characterization of vine plant root water uptake via 3D electrical resistivity tomography and Mise-à-la-Masse method"
<p>This package contains measured raw ERT and MALM data used to generate the plots in the manuscript.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset: Remotely sensed soil moisture can capture dynamics relevant to plant water uptake
<p><strong>Dataset Description</strong><br> Stable isotope water uptake profiles were consulted across 45 datasets to determine the primary zone of root water uptake ("Uptake Range Top" to "Uptake Range Bottom"), whether the uptake increases in proportion nearer to the surface ("Decay of Water Uptake With Depth"), and whether uptake temporarily switches to shallow soils ("Temporary Uptake of Upper Layers"). More details on the data collection are shared in our Water Resources Research publication (in revision).</p> <p>Correlation length scales, or the effective depth of representation of L-band satellite soil moisture, are estimates in Short Gianotti et al. 2019 using SMAP surface soil moisture and GPM precipitation retrievals.</p> <p><strong>Citations</strong><br> Those that use the stable isotope table are asked to cite our Water Resources Research publication (in revision) as well as the 45 references contributing to the table.<br> Those that use the correlation length scale dataset are asked to cite:<br> Short Gianotti, D.J., Salvucci, G.D., Akbar, R., McColl, K.A., Cuenca, R., Entekhabi, D., 2019. Landscape water storage and subsurface correlation from satellite surface soil moisture and precipitation observations. Water Resour. Res. 9111–9132. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr025332</p>
Variability in tree water uptake determined with stable water isotopes in an African tropical montane forest
<p>Dataset supporting the study <strong>Variability in tree water uptake determined with stable water isotopes in an African tropical montane forest.</strong></p> <p>We investigated relative contributions of different soil depths to tree water uptake of 83 trees and possible species-specific differences in a 50x50 m forest plot at four dates in a tropical montane forest in Kenya using stable water isotopes and the Bayesian mixing model framework MixSIAR.</p> <p>The dataset contains raw isotope data of tree xylem, soil and throughfall water sampled on different dates in a tropical montane forest in Kenya as well as interpolated model input data for the Bayesian mixing model.</p> <p>Further information can be found in the soon to be published article in Ecohydrology.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: The roots of the drought: hydrology and water uptake strategies mediate forest-wide demographic response to precipitation
Drought-induced tree mortality is expected to increase globally due to climate change, with profound implications for forest composition, function and global climate feedbacks. How drought is experienced by different species is thought to depend fundamentally on where they access water vertically below ground, but this remains untracked so far due to the difficulty of measuring water availability at depths at which plants access water (few to several tens of meters), the broad temporal scales at which droughts at those depths unfold (seasonal to decadal), and the difficulty in linking these patterns to forest-wide species-specific demographic responses. We address this problem through a new eco-hydrological framework: we used a hydrological model to estimate belowground water availability by depth over a period of two decades that included a multi-year drought. Given this water availability scenario and 20yr long-records of species-specific growth patterns, we inversely estimated the relative depths at which 12 common species in the forest accessed water via a model of water-stress. Finally, we tested whether our estimates of species relative uptake depths predicted mortality in multi-year drought. The hydrological model revealed clear belowground niches as precipitation was decoupled from water availability by depth at multi-annual scale. Species partitioned the hydrological niche by diverging in their uptake depths and so in the same forest stand, different species experienced very different drought patterns, resulting in clear differences in species-specific growth. Finally, species relative water uptake depths predicted species mortality patterns after the multi-year drought. Species that our method ranked as relying on deeper water were the ones that had suffered from greater mortality, as the zone from which they access water took longer to recharge after depletion. This research changes our understanding of how hydrological niches operate for trees with a trade-off between realized growth potential and survival under drought with decadal scale return time. The eco-hydrological framework highlights the importance of species-specific below ground strategies in predicting forest response to drought. Applying this framework more broadly may help us better understand species-coexistence in diverse forest communities and improve mechanistic predictions of forests productivity and compositional change under future climate.
Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub
<ol> <li class="p1">Despite broad recognition that water is a major limiting factor in arid ecosystems, we lack an empirical understanding of how this resource is shared and distributed among neighboring plants. Intraspecific variability can further contribute to this variation via divergent life-history traits, including root architecture. We investigated these questions in the shrub <i>Artemisia tridentata</i> and hypothesized that the ability to access and utilize surface water varies among subspecies and cytotypes.</li> <li class="p1">We used an isotope tracer to quantify belowground zone of influence in <i>A. tridentata</i>, and tested if spatial neighborhood characteristics can alter plant water uptake. We introduced deuterium-enriched water to the soil in plant interspaces in a common-garden experiment and measured deuterium composition of plant stems. We then applied spatially-explicit models to test for differential water uptake by <i>A. tridentata</i>, including intermingled populations of three subspecies and two ploidy levels. </li> <li class="p1">The results suggest that lateral root functioning <i>in A. tridentata</i> is associated with intraspecific identity and ploidy level. Subspecies adapted to habitats with deep soils generally had a smaller horizontal reach, and polyploid cytotypes were associated with greater water uptake compared to their diploid variants. We also found that plant crown volume was a weak predictor of water uptake, and that neighborhood crowding had no discernable effect on water uptake. </li> <li class="p1">Intraspecific variation in lateral root functioning can lead to differential patterns of resource acquisition, an essential process in arid ecosystems in the contexts of changing climate and seasonal patterns of precipitation. Altogether, we found that lateral root development and activity is more strongly related to genetic variability within <i>A. tridentata</i> than to plant size. Our study highlights how intraspecific variation in life strategies is linked to mechanisms of resource acquisition.</li> </ol>
Application of a Comprehensive Hygroscopicity Framework for Simulating Aerosol Water Uptake in a Large-scale Climate Model
<p>This dataset was generated from 18-month simulations of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM); the atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). The dataset can be used to reproduce the analysis and figures presented in the upcoming JGR publication.</p>
Data from the journal article "Individual versus combined effects of warming, elevated CO2 and drought on grassland water uptake and fine root traits"
<p>This data file contains all data used in the aforementioned article (DOI: 10.1111/pce.15274). The data was obtained in a long-term multifactor global-change experiment (‘ClimGrass’) in a managed (three cuts, fertilized) C3 grassland near the central European Alps in Styria, Austria (47°29′44.6″N, 14°5′54.6″E). Grassland plots were exposed to six treatments: (i) ambient conditions (control; n = 8); (ii) drought (n = 4); (iii) warming (n = 3); (iv) elevated CO2 (n = 3), (v) future conditions (warming and elevated CO2; n = 3); and (vi) drought in future conditions (warming, elevated CO2 and drought; n = 4). The experiment was conducted during the growing seasons of 2017, 2019, and 2020. The aim was to determine how warming, elevated CO2 and drought individually and interactively affected root water uptake (RWU, calculated from soil water dynamics) as well as the corresponding mass and key traits (specific root length (SRL); specific root area (SRA); mean diameter) of newly produced fine roots (extracted using ingrowth cores) and biomass allocation (fine-root-to-shoot production ratios; R/S ratios). Treatment effects on RWU were studied across varying conditions of soil water content (SWC) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), referred to as dryness conditions. Fine root characteristics were compared to the maximum hourly in-situ RWU observed. </p> <p>The following data is contained in this file (processed as described in the journal article and, importantly, in the supplementary information):<br>- data_SWC: SWC and precipitation, used to calculate RWU (resolution: hourly; figures: 1)<br>- data_RWU_daily: RWU for the main rooting horizon, fractions of total RWU across depth (resolution: daily; figures: 1, 2, 3)<br>- data_RWU_hourly: RWU for the main rooting horizon, SWC, VPD (resolution: hourly; figures: 1, 4, 5)<br>- data_FineRoots: Mass, traits (SRL, SRA, diameter) and maximum hourly RWU of newly produced fine roots across depth, R/S ratios (resolution: three samplings per growing season; figures: 6, 7)</p> <p>The metadata.xlsx file summarizes the contents of these datasets, including units and descriptions of the variables.</p> <p>Note below: the name of the project funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences is ClimGrassHydro.</p>
Tree water uptake enhances nitrogen acquisition in a fertilized boreal forest – but not under nitrogen poor conditions
<p><span>Understanding how plant water uptake interacts with acquisition of soil nitrogen (N) and other nutrients is fundamental for predicting plant responses to a changing environment, but it is an area where models disagree.</span></p> <p><span>We present a novel isotopic labelling approach which reveals spatial patterns of water and N uptake, and their interaction, by trees. The stable isotopes <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>2</sup>H were applied to a small area of the forest floor in stands with high and low soil N availability. Uptake by surrounding trees was measured. The sensitivity of N acquisition to water uptake was quantified by statistical modelling.</span></p> <p><span>Trees in the high-N stand acquired twice as much <sup>15</sup>N as in the low-N stand and around half of their N uptake was dependent on water uptake (<sup>2</sup>H enrichment). In contrast, in the low-N stand there was no positive effect of water uptake on N uptake. </span></p> <p><span>We conclude that tree N acquisition was only marginally dependent on water flux toward the root surface under low N conditions but under high-N conditions, the water-associated N uptake was substantial. The results suggest a fundamental shift in N acquisition strategy under high-N conditions. </span></p>
Synergistic effect of salicylic acid and biochar on biochemical properties, yield and nutrient uptake of triticale under water stress
<p><span>The reduction of soil fertility and water sources in arid regions treats crop production. One of the practical solutions to overcome these problems is application of salicylic acid (SA) with biochar.</span><span> A pot experiment was conducted to consider the combination</span><span> of </span><span>SA with biochar</span><span> on biochemical and physiological parameters of triticale</span><span>.</span><span> Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation and irrigation according to 50% field capacity), salicylic acid application [without SA (SA0) and 3mM SA (SA3)] and fertilizer type including without fertilizer (control), application of 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> phosphorus (P), and application of wheat biochar (WB), cotton biochar (CB) and sesame biochar (SB) (2% w/w).</span><span> Under water stress, CB at SA0 and SA3 could improve the total chlorophyll by 119.4 and 70.6%, compare to control respectively.<span> Also, carotenoid content in SA3 treatments increased in the range of 75.8 to 34.6% compared to SA0</span>. </span><span>CB at SA3, created the highest catalase activity (11.4% increase) compared to SB.</span><span> At SA3, the highest RWC was observed in WB and CB by 26.7 and 18.1% increases compared to SA0, respectively. </span><span>At SA3, CB could enhance grain yield by 24.8% under water stress. </span><span>Under water stress, at SA3, remobilization efficiency from 63.2% in control was enhanced to 69.2, 74.3 and 68.1% in WB, CB and SB, respectively. CB and WB had better chemical properties in terms of EC, N, P, K and micronutrients compared to SB. These properties of BC and WB enhanced their ability to increase the nutrient availability, biochemical properties and consequently the grain yield enhancement, especially when applied with SA3.</span></p>
Water Uptake as a Crucial Factor on Properties of Cryogels of Gelatine Linked by Dextran Dialdehyde
<p>supplementary information</p>
Data from: Ectomycorrhizal fungi and root water uptake respond independently to water availability
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Tree water uptake enhances nitrogen acquisition in a fertilized boreal forest – but not under nitrogen poor conditions
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Data from: The roots of the drought: hydrology and water uptake strategies mediate forest-wide demographic response to precipitation
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Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub
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Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone
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Water Use and flooding in central Arizona-Phoenix: comparison of water and carbon dioxide uptake by selected plant species among residential patch transition types, from 1998 to 1999.
Compare the primary productivity (rate of of production of plant material) and uptake of water and carbon dioxide by selected plant species, at sites selected to represent the transition between desert or agriculture and new residential development.
Water uptake strategies by typical broadleaf and coniferous trees in the Loess Plateau mountain area of northern China
<p class="1">Poor precipitation in the Loess Plateau area may significantly influence water uptake strategies of the plants growing there. The water sources of these trees have not been studied to date. We investigated the impacts of precipitation (before and after) on water uptake strategies of typical broadleaf and coniferous trees in the Loess Plateau mountain area of northern China by using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope techniques. Our results indicated that water sources of these two tree types varied before and after rainfall. <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i>, a broadleaf tree, absorbed water majorly from the 30–40 cm (57.8%) soil layer before precipitation and from the 20–30 cm (58.5%) soil layer after precipitation. However, <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i>, a coniferous tree, mainly absorbed water from 20–30 cm (24.9%) and 10–20 cm (21.6%) soil layers before precipitation and from 0–10 cm (39.8%) and 10–20 cm (44%) soil layers after precipitation. Moreover, the herbaceous of broadleaf plant has higher complexity of the community through filed investigation. Thus, <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> and <i>P. tabuliformis</i> exhibited peculiar difference in terms of water uptake, indicating that they are suitable to grow together as forest vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas. Overall, our results provided vital information for sustainable afforestation management in the Loess Plateau mountain area of northern China.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.