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698 results for “western America”
DRIFteRS: A dataset of drift invertebrate densities in streams and rivers across western North America, 1997–2024
Prey availability is among the most influential and highly variable determinants of fish growth and freshwater habitat carrying capacity, yet it remains understudied compared to physical habitat variables (Rosenfeld et al. 2014; Weber et al. 2017; Ouellet et al. 2025). We often lack a clear understanding of how much food is available to fishes, how it varies spatially and temporally, and how it influences responses to restoration (Wipfli et al. 2010; Ouellet et al. 2025; Rossi et al. 2024). Drift invertebrates—the primary food source for juvenile salmonids and other drift-foraging fishes—play a pivotal role in these dynamics. To better understand the spatial and temporal variability of drift invertebrate abundance and biomass across the freshwater range of drift-feeding salmonids in western North America, we compiled the DRIFteRS dataset (DRift Invertebrates For salmonids in River Systems). The dataset encompasses 6,159 samples of drift invertebrates, and, for a subset of drift samples, associated benthic invertebrate density data, collected from 1,360 reaches on 459 unique rivers and streams spanning 55 river basins considered hydrologically independent (i.e., not nested within the same larger watershed) across British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Sample sites represent a diverse array of river and stream habitats (e.g., headwater, mainstem, side channel), in watersheds with diverse land uses (e.g., urban, wilderness, agricultural), and disturbance histories (e.g., fire, restoration). Collected between 1997 and 2024, the data span the full calendar year and capture daily and seasonal patterns in drift abundance and biomass densities. When paired with water quality and quantity data as well as remotely sensed environmental landscape data, such as land use / land cover, climate, and disturbance history, channel morphology, and riparian vegetation compo
A Quantitative Tomotectonic Plate Reconstruction of Western North America and the Eastern Pacific Basin
<p>The two plate model archives in this directory are linked to the paper (<em>Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</em>, in press):</p> <p>A Quantitative Tomotectonic Plate Reconstruction of Western North America and the Eastern Pacific Basin by Edward J. Clennett1, Karin Sigloch1, Mitchell G. Mihalynuk2, Maria Seton3, Martha A. Henderson2, Kasra Hosseini1,4, Afsaneh Mohammadzaheri1, Stephen T. Johnston5, and R. Dietmar Muller3</p> <p>1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK</p> <p>2. British Columbia Geological Survey, P.O. Box Stn Prov Govt, Victoria, BC, V8W 9N3, Canada</p> <p>3. EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia</p> <p>4. The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK</p> <p>5. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada</p> <p>The zipped archive contains two plate models: <strong>Clennett_etal_2020_M2019.zip</strong> and <strong>Clennett_etal_2020_S2013.zip</strong>. The former is our model in the Müller et al. (2019) reference frame, and the latter is our model implemented into the Shephard et al. (2013) plate reconstruction. Both of these folders contain the same types of files: coastlines, plate boundaries, plate topologies, a rotation file and terrane shapefiles.</p> <p>To view the models, open GPlates (downloadable at: <a href="https://www.gplates.org">www.gplates.org</a>), click 'File' > 'Open Project', navigate to the folder containing the desired model, and then click on the file <strong>Clennett_etal_2020_G3_XXXX.gproj</strong>. This will simultaneously open all the files that comprise the model. A layers panel will appear, with the option to turn on/off certain files. The view can be changed by clicking on the globe, and the model can be run by clicking the play button in the animation bar, starting from 170Ma. Features can be inspected by clicking the 'choose feature' tab, selecting a feature, and clicking 'query feature'.</p> <p>The files that comprise the model are described below:</p> <p>1. <strong>Clennett_etal_2020_Coastlines.gpml</strong>: Coastlines used in the reconstruction. The coastlines of western North America and Mexico were edited from the global model to account for later terrane accretions. </p> <p>2. <strong>Clennett_etal_2020_NAm_bounds.gpml</strong>: File containing the new plate boundaries digitised in this study.</p> <p>3. <strong>Clennett_etal_2020_Plates.gpml</strong>: File containing the edited plate boundaries of the global model, as well as our new continuously-closing plate topologies.</p> <p>4. <strong>Clennett_etal_2020_Rotations.rot</strong>: This is the rotation file that contains the relative motions between plates, terranes and plate boundaries for western North America and the eastern Pacific basin. The first column specifies the plate ID, the second column the timestep, the third, fourth and fifth columns are the latitude, longitude and angle of the stage rotations, and the sixth column is the plate that the feature moves relative to. Most lines are accompanied with a comment describing the rotation.</p> <p>5. <strong>Clennett_etal_2020_Terranes.gpml</strong>: This file contains all the terranes shown in the model. We further divided these into superterranes, so that each can be coloured accordingly for better visualisation purposes: a. Angayucham.gpml b. Farallon.gpml c. Guerrero.gpml d. Insular.gpml e. Intermontane.gpml f. Kula.gpml g. North_America.gpml h. Western_Jurassic.gpml</p> <p>6. <strong>Movie</strong> <strong>S1</strong>. Movie showing plate evolution at 1 million-year intervals, embedded within the Muller et al. (2019) global model. Blue boundaries are subduction zones, red boundaries are mid-ocean ridges, green boundaries are transform faults, and pink boundaries are other unspecified boundaries. Plates are not labelled but can be identified from figures 5-10.</p> <p>7. <strong>Movie S2</strong>. Movie showing plate evolution at 1 million-year intervals, embedded within the Shephard et al. (2013) global model. Blue boundaries are subduction zones, red boundaries are mid-ocean ridges, green boundaries are transform faults, and pink boundaries are other unspecified boundaries. Plates are not labelled but can be identified from figures 5-10.</p> <p> </p> <p>The agegrids and spreading rate grids associated with this model can be accessed at: <a href="https://repo.gplates.org/webdav/PlateModel_Age_SR_Grids/Clennett_etal_2020_G3/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://repo.gplates.org/webdav/PlateModel_Age_SR_Grids/Clennett_etal_2020_G3/</a></p>
The role of fire in the carbon dynamics of the boreal forest I. - Response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach (2003-2100).
The boreal forest contains large reserves of carbon, and across this region wildfire is a common occurrence. To improve the understanding of how wildfire influences the carbon dynamics of this region, methods were developed to incorporate the spatial and temporal effects of fire into the Terrestrial ecosystem Model (TEM). The historical role of fire on carbon dynamics of the boreal region was evaluated within the context of ecosystem responses to changing atmospheric CO2 and climate. These results show that the role of historical fire on boreal carbon dynamics resulted in a net carbon sink; however, fire plays a major role in the interannual and decadal scale variation of source/sink relationships. To estimate the effects of future fire on boreal carbondynamics, spatially and temporally explicit empirical relationships between climate andfire were quantified. Fuel moisture, monthly severity rating, and air temperature explained a significant proportion of observed variability in annual area burned. These relationships were used to estimate annual area burned for future scenarios of climate change and were coupled to TEM to evaluate the role of future fire on the carbon dynamics of the North American boreal region for the 21st Century. Simulations with TEM indicate that boreal North America is a carbon sink in response to CO2 fertilization, climate variability, and fire, but an increase in fire leads to a decrease in the sink strength. While this study highlights the importance of fire on carbon dynamics in the boreal region, there are uncertainties in the effects of fire in TEM simulations. These uncertainties are associated with sparse fire data for northern Eurasia, uncertainty in estimating carbon consumption, and difficulty in verifying assumptions about the representation of fires that occurred prior to the start of the historical fire record. Future studies should incorporate the role of dynamic vegetation to more accurately represent post-fire successional pr
Figs. 21-24 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 21-24. Hesperocranum rothi, new species, male palp. 21. Prolateral view. 22. Retrolateral view. 23. Prolateral view of embolar region. 24. Ventral view.
Figs. 17-20 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 17-20. Hesperocranum rothi, new species, female. 17. Chelicerae and eye region, anterior view. 18. Eye region, dorsal view. 19. Epigynum, ventral view. 20. Posterior median spinnerets, anterior end towards top of photo. Original magnification = 700 x.
Figures 7–13 in Two new species and two new combinations in Saphenista Walsingham, 1914 from western North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Figures 7–13. Genitalia of Saphenista. 7) Male of S. bartellae, USNM slide 150,181. 8) Male of S. powelli, USNM slide 153,767. 9) Male of S. latipunctana, MGP slide 349. 10) Male of S. dilutana, USNM slide 150,185. 11) Female of S. bartellae, USNM slide 150,182. 12) Female of S. powelli, USNM slide 153,565. 13) Female of S. latipunctana, EME slide 2762.
Figs. 25-29. Hesperocranum rothi, new species. 25. Palp, prolateral view. 26. Palp, ventral view. 27. Palp, retrolateral view. 28. Epigynum, ventral view. 29 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 25-29. Hesperocranum rothi, new species. 25. Palp, prolateral view. 26. Palp, ventral view. 27. Palp, retrolateral view. 28. Epigynum, ventral view. 29. Epigynum, dorsal view.
Figs. 21-24 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 21-24. Hesperocranum rothi, new species, male palp. 21. Prolateral view. 22. Retrolateral view. 23. Prolateral view of embolar region. 24. Ventral view.
Figs. 17-20 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 17-20. Hesperocranum rothi, new species, female. 17. Chelicerae and eye region, anterior view. 18. Eye region, dorsal view. 19. Epigynum, ventral view. 20. Posterior median spinnerets, anterior end towards top of photo. Original magnification = 700 x.
Figs. 13-16. Clubionidae, leg I. 13, 14 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 13-16. Clubionidae, leg I. 13, 14. Clubiona canadensis Emerton, female, left tibia, lateral view. 15, 16. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, female. 15. Right tibia, ventrolateral view. 16. Right tarsus, sublateral view.
Figs. 9-12 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 9-12. Liocranidae and Clubionidae, leg I. 9, 10. Drassinella gertschi Platnick and Ubick, female. 9. Left tibia and metatarsus, sublateral view. 10. Left tarsus, ventrolateral view. 11. Phrurotimpus sp., female, left tibia, ventrolateral view. 12. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, female, spine, lateral view.
Figs. 5-8. Liocranidae, leg I. 5, 6 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 5-8. Liocranidae, leg I. 5, 6. Mesiotelus virgulatus (Blackwall), female. 7, 8. Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer), male. 5, 7. Right tibia and metatarsus, sublateral view. 6. Right tarsus, lateral view. 8. Right tarsus, sublateral view.
Figs. 1-4 in On Hesperocranum, A New Spider Genus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae)
Figs. 1-4. Hesperocranum rothi, new species, male. 1. Left tibia and metatarsus I, sublateral view. 2. Tibia I, ventrolateral view. 3. Tip of tarsus I, sublateral view. 4. Tarsus I, lateral view of midventral region.
Fig. 111. Dorsoventral cross section through a in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America
Fig. 111. Dorsoventral cross section through a small microconch of Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), transitional in morphology to macroconch, BHI 4248, Baculites compressus–B. cuneatus zones, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. The plane of the cross section approximately coincides with the line of maximum length. A. Camera lucida of cross section of the adult shell. The stippled area demarcates the mature body chamber. B. Camera lucida of cross section of the inner whorls. C. Photo of cross section of the inner whorls. Measurements are listed in appendix 2, table 4.
Fig. 115 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America
Fig. 115. Ontogenetic breakdown of Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), macroconch, USNM 536238, locality unknown, but probably Pierre Shale, Meade or Pennington County, South Dakota. A–F. Six sizes through ontogeny in lateral and ventral views showing changes in ornamentation from early ontogeny (F) to maturity (A).
Fig. 107 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America
Fig. 107. Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), small microconchs. A–D. BHI 4245, Baculites cuneatus Zone, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. A. Right lateral; B. apertural; C. ventral; D. left lateral. E–H. BHI 4253, transitional in morphology to macroconch, Baculites compressus Zone, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. E. Right lateral; F. apertural; G. ventral; H. left lateral. I–L. BHI 2155, Baculites compressus Zone, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. I. Right lateral; J. apertural; K. ventral; L. left lateral. M–P. BHI 4276, Baculites compressus–B. cuneatus zones, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. M. Right lateral; N. apertural; O. ventral; P. left lateral. Specimens are illustrated natural size.
Fig. 97 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America
Fig. 97. Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), small macroconchs. A–D. BHI 4796, Baculites compressus–B. cuneatus zones, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. A. Right lateral; B. apertural;
Fig. 94 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America
Fig. 94. Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), large macroconchs. A, B. BHI 4789, Baculites compressus– B. cuneatus zones, Pierre Shale, Pennington County, South Dakota. A. Right lateral; B. ventral. C, D. USNM 536221, USGS Mesozoic loc. 22182, Baculites compressus–B. reesidei zones, Bearpaw Shale, Fergus County, Montana. C. Right lateral; D. ventral. A piece of shell is missing from the adapical part of the body chamber. Specimens are illustrated natural size.
Fig. 96 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America
Fig. 96. Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), small macroconchs. A–C. BHI 4274, Baculites cuneatus Zone, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. A. Apertural; B. ventral; C. left lateral. D–F. BHI 4292,
Fig. 90 in Scaphites Of The ''Nodosus Group'' From The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Of The Western Interior Of North America
Fig. 90. Hoploscaphites brevis (Meek, 1876), large macroconch, AMNH 56882, AMNH loc. 3436, Baculites compressus Zone, Pierre Shale, Meade County, South Dakota. A. Right lateral; B. apertural; C. ventral; D. left lateral. Specimen is illustrated natural size.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.