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Multi-locus DNA metabarcoding of western spotted skunk diet in the McKenzie River Ranger District of the Willamette National Forest from 2017-2019
There are increasing concerns about the declining population trends of small mammalian carnivores around the world. Their conservation and management is often challenging due to limited knowledge about their ecology and natural history. To address one of these deficiencies for western spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis), we investigated their diet in the Oregon Cascades of the Pacific Northwest during 2017 –2019. We collected 130 spotted skunk scats opportunistically and with detection dog teams and identified prey items using DNA metabarcoding and mechanical sorting. Western spotted skunk diet consisted of invertebrates such as wasps, millipedes, and gastropods, vertebrates such as small mammals, amphibians, and birds, and plants such as Gaultheria, Rubus, and Vaccinium. Diet also consisted of items such as black-tailed deer that were likely scavenged. Comparison in diet by season revealed that spotted skunks consumed more insects during the dry season (June –August), particularly wasps (75% of scats in the dry season), and marginally more mammals during the wet season(September –May). We observed similar diet in areas with no record of human disturbance and areas with a history of logging at most spatial scales, but scats collected in areas with older forest within a skunk’s home range (1 km buffer) were more likely to contain insects. Western spotted skunks provide food web linkages between aquatic, terrestrial, and arboreal systems and serve functional roles of seed dispersal and scavenging. Due to their diverse diet and prey-switching, western spotted skunks may dampen the effects of irruptions of prey, such as wasps during dry springs and summers. By studying the natural history of western spotted skunks in the Pacific Northwest forests while they are still abundant, we provide key information necessary to achieve the conservation goal of keeping this common species common.
Species interactions during succession in the western Cascade Range of Oregon, 1990 to present
The factors that contribute to plant species establishment and decline following disturbance determine the rates and patterns of successional change of a system. In this long-term field experiment, we test the commonly held assumption that competition for space or resources by dominant species determines the outcome of succession. Specifically, we examine the population- and community-level consequences of removing one or more potentially dominant species from the post-disturbance community after clearcut logging and burning of a mature/old-growth Douglas-fir forest. Experimental treatments include: (1) removal of early-seral annual, Senecio sylvaticus, or perennial, Epilobium angustifolium—or both—to test the influences of these early-seral dominants on subsequent community development; (2) removal of all species except Senecio or Epilobium, to test whether the decline of these early-seral dominants is driven by competitive displacement; or (3) removal of shade-tolerant forest species that dominate subsequent stages of succession—Rubus ursinus or Berberis nervosa plus Gaultheria shallon—to test the influences of these long-lived perennials on understory development. The experiment is a randomized block design comprising eight removal treatments plus a control replicated in each of 25 blocks. Removal (reduction in competition) is achieved by removing seedlings or vegetative stems annually from a treatment area of 2.5 x 2.5 m. Sample plots (1 x 1 m) centered within these are used to estimate cover of all vascular plant species and, for the first 8 yr of the experiment, stem density and height, facilitating estimates of above-ground biomass. Pre-harvest data were collected in 1990, logging/burning occurred in 1991, and removal treatments and post-treatment sampling were initiated in 1992. Six of the nine experimental treatments were terminated between 1996 and 1998, with loss of early-seral Senecio and Epilobium from the system. The remaining three treatments (removal
Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) Study, western Oregon and Washington (post-treatment data, 1998-2016)
The Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) Study is a regional-scale experiment in variable-retention harvest, established at six sites in western Oregon and Washington. Initiated in 1994, DEMO was designed to assess newly established standards and guidelines for regeneration harvests in mature, coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. The experiment is a randomized complete block design. It includes six treatments that represent strong contrasts in the level of retention (15-100% of original basal area) and the spatial pattern in which trees are retained (uniformly dispersed vs. aggregated in 1-ha patches). The factorial nature of the design (15 and 40% retention in both an aggregated and dispersed pattern) is unique among variable-retention experiments, regionally and globally. Long-term measurements of vegetation response lie at the core the DEMO Study. Key response variables include overstory tree growth and mortality, the dynamics of snags, regeneration of conifers (including planted seedlings and natural recruitment), and the composition, structure and diversity of the understory (including herbaceous, woody, and bryophyte species). Pre-treatment measurements were made between 1994 and 1996 (data are archived under Study Code TP104). Post-treatments measurements have occurred at ~5- to 7-year intervals between 1998 and 2016 (data are archived under Study Code TP108).
Timber Harvesting Field Study in Western Massachusetts 2004-2005
Forest harvesting is one of the most significant disturbances affecting forest plant composition and structure in Western Massachusetts, yet few studies have quantified the effects of harvesting in this region. Massachusetts requires all commercial harvest operations above 87 m3 to file a Forest Cutting Plan (FCP) with the state. We have digitized these FCPs (see McDonald et al. 2006), covering all harvests from 1984 to 2003. Our study area is Massachusetts west of the coastal basin, as defined by Motts and O’Brian (1981). We selected 126 sites for sampling. Two-thirds of the sites (89) were harvested once between 1984 and 2003, and these were selected randomly from the larger FCP database. The remaining one-third of the sites (37) were control sites selected randomly from all unharvested forest in the study area. The boundaries for our field surveys were those filed with the FCP for harvested sites, and were circular for control sites, proportional in size to the mean FCP in the physiographic region (Motts and O'Brien 1981): Connecticut River Valley (10.7 ha), Central Upland (11.3 ha), Berkshire Valley and Taconic Mountains (12.6 ha), and the Western Upland (15.9 ha). Note that our sampled sites were well-dispersed over the study area, and encompassed the variety of past agricultural land-use.
Regional and Historical Variation in Garlic Mustard Distribution in Western Massachusetts 2006-2007
The susceptibility of a site to invasion by nonnative species depends on its current ecological features and its historical land use. Certain environments might be more conducive to an invasive plant’s success, and several recent studies have shown that former agricultural sites are more susceptible to invasion than sites that have been continuously wooded. We studied the invasive herb garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), at roadside forested edges. Site selection was stratified by two regions with distinct ecological characteristics (the Connecticut River Valley and the Berkshire Valley in Massachusetts), and two historical land uses (wooded versus cleared in 1830).
Environment and History in a Rich Mesic Forest in Western Massachusetts 1999-2001
In rich mesic forests, modern vegetation varies among primary versus post-agricultural, secondary forests, in part as a result of differential rate and ability of forest herbs to colonize after disturbance. Species with seeds lacking morphological adaptations for dispersal (barochores) and those which produce seeds with elaisomes to encourage ant dispersal (myrmecochores) may remain less frequent in secondary forests for decades or more.
Anyskop Blowout Prehistoric Dataset, Western Cape, South Africa
<p>These Stone Age archaeological datasets were collected in 2001 and 2002 by a team from the Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology of the University of Tübingen (Germany) headed by Nicholas J. Conard. Many South African researchers collaborated on this project, with Pippa Haarhoff, John Compton, Dave Roberts, and Stephan Woodborne deserving special mention.</p> <p>The field work took place at the Anyskop Blowout (ANY1) located within the West Coast Fossil Park near Langebaanweg, Western Cape, South Africa. The field work was conducted with the help of students from the universities of Tübingen and Cape Town. The datasets are predominantly in English (with some German as well) and include field data in the MAIN table. Further analytical data for many classes of artifacts include: LITHICS, FAUNA, POTTERY, MODERN, BUCKETS, REFITS.</p> <p>All collected materials are curated by the Iziko South African Museums in Cape Town under accession numbers SAM-AA-8903 (finds collected by other teams before 2001) and SAM-AA-9007 (finds from this study, 2001-2002). Some of the finds are exhibited in the museum at the West Coast Fossil Park.</p> <p>Funding for this research project came mainly from the German Research Foundation (DFG - CO 226/5-1, 5-2, 5-5 and 5-6) and the University of Tübingen. Significant support was provided by the Iziko South African Museums, the West Coast Fossil Park, and the University of Cape Town.</p>
White Pine Blister Rust (WPBR) Plot Data from the Western United States
As one of North America’s most damaging tree diseases, white pine blister rust (WPBR) is expected to continue to affect high-elevation five-needle (High-5) pine species in the near future. In order to better understand and estimate the risk it poses to white pines, data was compiled from independent studies across the Western U.S. from 1983-2025. This WPBR disease occurrence data includes nearly 6700 points, which were classified into two epidemic types: established or invading, based on the disease intensity value and the amount of time the disease had been present in the area.
Dissolved inorganic nutrients including 5 macro nutrients: silicate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium from water column bottle samples collected during annual cruise along western Antarctic Peninsula, 1991 - 2024.
The inorganic plant macronutrients dissolved phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium are the major sources of nutrition for phytoplankton growth in seawater (with sunlight and inorganic carbon). Macronutrient distributions reflect the large-scale circulation patterns in the oceans and are useful properties to delineate water masses. Dissolved inorganic nutrients samples are typically collected in every CTD/Rosette cast performed on the annual LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula. In Antarctic waters, dissolved inorganic macronutrients are seldom depleted to limiting concentrations except during heavy prolonged phytoplankton blooms. This is due to the fact that phytoplankton growth is more often limited by light or iron, and to the short growing season. Water samples pre-filtered through 47mm GF/F filters upon collection and samples frozen until analysis. Water samples are analyzed for dissolved nutrients with recognized standard oceanographic protocols for nutrient autoanalyzers (continuous flow analyzers).
Merged discrete water-column data from PAL LTER research cruises along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, from 1991 to 2024.
Water samples are collected throughout the water column along the Western Antarctic Peninsula at regular LTER grid stations where CTD casts are preformed and in surface waters at underway stations, where CTD casts are not done, using the ship's flow-through seawater system. This dataset is the compilation of water samples collected at these stations, merged from other PAL-LTER datasets. Data includes water column Chlorophyll and Phaeopigment concentrations; phytoplankton accessory pigments -including other chlorophyll's (e.g. chlorophyll b), xanthophylls, and carotenes; primary production rates; bacterial production; dissolved organic carbon; particulate organic carbon and nitrogen; dissolved inorganic nutrients; dissolved oxygen, and dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity. Measurements of phytoplankton Fv/Fm measured using a FIRe (Fluorescence Induction and Relaxation) fluorometer are also included, though caution is urged as FIRe data has not been corrected nor QCed. Conductivity, temperature, depth, and associated data from instruments on the sampling rosette (e.g. PAR, beam transmission) for each sampling depth are also included. Phytoplankton accessory pigment data is unavailable for the LMG10-01 cruise due to instrumentation problems and for the LMG12-01 cruise due to a freezer failure which resulted in the loss of samples. Dissolved oxygen measurements were discontinues after 2012, and thus no data is available from 2013 onwards. Dissolved Organic Carbon data is unavailable after 2012 due to instrumentation problems. There is no Particulate Organic Carbon data for cruise PD94-01.
Euphausia superba length frequency from zooplankton collected with a 2-m, 700-um net towed from surface to 120 m, aboard Palmer LTER annual cruises off the coast of the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 1993 - 2024.
Euphausia superba standard lengths (SL) were measured at grid stations on the annual LTER cruises along the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Annual cruises take place between late December to early February, except for the NBP21-13 cruise, which was November and December. Krill were collected with a 2x2 meter, 700um mesh net fitted with a flow meter and towed obliquely to 120m.
Fruit, seed dispersal, and life history traits of tropical rainforest trees of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India
<p>This dataset contains compiled Fruit, seed dispersal, and life history traits of tropical rainforest trees of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India. The list of species included are mainly from the following two related publications:<br>- Muthuramkumar, S., Ayyappan, N., Parthasarathy, N., Mudappa, D., Raman, T.R.S., Selwyn, M.A. and Pragasan, L.A. (2006), <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x">Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India</a>. <em>Biotropica</em>, 38: 143-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x<br>- Osuri, A., Chakravarthy, D., Mudappa, D., Raman, T., Ayyappan, N., Muthuramkumar, S., & Parthasarathy, N. (2017). <a href="http://httpd//doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India</a>. <em>Journal of Tropical Ecology</em>, 33(4), 270-284. doi:10.1017/S0266467417000219<br>The present dataset is an expanded and updated version of the related dataset available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn</a><br> <br>Species traits information was collated from <a href="http://www.biotik.org/">BIOTIK (http://www.biotik.org/</a>), <a href="http://www.flowersofindia.net/">Flowers of India (http://www.flowersofindia.net/)</a>, India Biodiversity Portal (http://indiabiodiversity.org/), <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1">Global wood density database (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1)</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">Osuri et al. (2014): https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219</a>. We also referred to the following previous studies that provided information on the successional status of rain-forest species in the Western Ghats (Chetana 2013, Pascal 1988, Raman et al. 2009, Sreejith 2005).</p> <p><strong>References:</strong><br>CHETANA, H. C. 2013. Assessing the ecological processes in abandoned tea plantations and its implication for ecological restoration in the Western Ghats, India. PhD thesis, Manipal University.<br>OSURI, A. M., KUMAR, V. S. & SANKARAN, M. 2014. Altered stand structure and tree allometry reduce carbon storage in evergreen forest fragments in India’s Western Ghats. <em>Forest Ecology and Management </em>329: 375–383.<br>PASCAL, J. P. 1988. <em>Wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India: Ecology, structure, floristic composition and succession</em>. Institut Français de Pondichéry, Pondicherry.<br>RAMAN, T. R. S., MUDAPPA, D. & KAPOOR, V. 2009. Restoring rainforest fragments: survival of mixed-native species seedlings under contrasting site conditions in the Western Ghats, India. <em>Restoration Ecology</em> 17:137–147.<br>SREEJITH, K. A. 2005. Ecological and ecophysiological studies on the successional status of tree seedlings in tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of Kerala. PhD thesis, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.</p> <p><strong>Geographic Coverage:</strong><br>1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India<br>2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)</p> <p><strong>Temporal Coverage:</strong><br>1. Begins: 2003-03-01 (Year, Month, Day)<br>2. Ends: 2024-02-10 (Year, Month, Day)</p> <p>Besides the <strong>README.txt</strong> file, the dataset includes the following comma-delimited text (csv) file with the data in columns as explained below:</p> <p><strong>Anamalai_tree_traits_2024.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>spec_name_ORIG:</strong> Scientific name of the species used during the data collection<br><strong>genus:</strong> Genus of the taxon<br><strong>specificEpithet:</strong> Specific epithet of the taxon in the Latin binomial name<br><strong>Accept_name_WFO:</strong> Updated scientific name of the species as in Plants of the World Online (POWO, https://powo.science.kew.org/)<br><strong>Habit:</strong> life form of the species(tree/shrub/cane/palm)<br><strong>Distribution:</strong> Distribution of the species in the study area (Native/Endemic/Introduced)<br><strong>IUCN_status:</strong> IUCN status of the species (CR-Critically Endangered,DD-Data deficient,EN-Endangered,LC-Least Concern,NT-Near Threatened,VU-Vulnerable,NA-Unknown)<br><strong>Wden_final:</strong> Wood density value assigned for the species (g cm^-3); NA - not available; sourced from Global wood density database (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.234/1)<br><strong>wd_level:</strong> Level in which the wood density value belongs (Species - wood density value is from species level; genus - wood density value assigned is the genus level average value)<br><strong>fruit_type:</strong> Morphological type of fruit<br><strong>fleshy_dry:</strong> Whether fruit is a dry fruit or fleshy, with aril or other parts <br><strong>seed_size:</strong> Species seed size: L = Large (>3 cm); M = Medium (1-3 cm); S = Small (<1 cm)<br><strong>disperser:</strong> Categories indicating seed dispersal mode: Bird, mammal, bird and mammal (Mammal_bird), gravity, wind, or unknown<br><strong>habitat:</strong> Habitat affinity category: EG_edg - evergreen forest edge; EG_for - evergreen forest; Dec_for - deciduous forest; Int – Introduced species; Unknown – Unknown<br><strong>habt_new:</strong> Habitat affinity new category: Mature – mature forest; Secondary – secondary forest, NA - unknown/Introduced species<br><strong>ad_ht:</strong> Species maximum adult height (m)</p>
Ice sheet surface elevation change from ablation stake measurements on bare ice in the western Greenland ablation zone during July 2016
<p>Measurements of ice surface elevation change from a network of twelve bamboo ablation stakes installed in the western Greenland ice sheet ablation zone (67.0496o N, 49.0201o W, 1215 m a.s.l.). Stakes were installed by drilling 3 m deep holes into the ice, inserting the bamboo stakes, and allowing them to freeze into the ice for 24 hours. Following the 24 hour freeze-in period, measurements of the distance from the top of the stake to its base were recorded at nominal 3 hour intervals continuously from 12:00 local time (UTC-2) on 6 July 2016 to 23:00 local time on 12 July 2016. Prior to each measurement, a 24×24 cm square wooden ablation board was placed at the base of the stake and oriented to true north. This board operated as a datum from which the stake height above the ice surface was measured.</p>
Hoedjiespunt Middle Stone Age Dataset, Western Cape, South Africa
<p>This Middle Stone Age archaeological dataset from Hoedjiespunt 1 was collected in 2011 by a team from the Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology of the University of Tübingen (Germany) headed by Nicholas J. Conard. South African and European researchers collaborated on this project, with John E. Parkington, Katherine Kyriacou, Deano Stynder, Graham Avery, and Chantal Tribolo making substantial contributions. The site is located within the property of Transnet National Ports Authority in the municipality of Saldanha, Western Cape, South Africa.</p> <p>The locality of Hoedjiespunt 1 was well known as a paleontological site since at least the 1990s, when the site yielded several important Middle Pleistocene hominin remains dated between 200,000 and 350,000 years. The paleontological site also yielded a well preserved assemblage of fauna, including terrestrial and marine mammals, shellfish and ostrich eggshell. The excavators interpreted the accumulation of these finds as the remains of a hyena den. Cultural remains such as lithic artifacts were absent from the paleontological site, which is situated immediately below the archaeological site.</p> <p>The 2011 field work at the archaeological site of Hoedjiespunt 1 took place with the help of students from the universities of Tübingen and Cape Town. The datasets are predominantly in English (with some parts in German) and include field data in the MAIN table. Further analytical data for several classes of artifacts include: LITHICS, FAUNA, OCHRE, and BUCKETS.</p> <p>All of the archaeological materials collected in 2011 are curated by the Department of Archaeology of the University of Cape Town in Rondebosch, South Africa. Funding for this research came mainly from the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the University of Tübingen. Significant support was provided by the Department of Archaeology of the University of Cape Town and the Iziko South African Museums.</p> <p> </p> <p>Importnat references for the paleontological excavations are listed here, while the main publications associated with the 2011 excavations are presented below in the reference section: </p> <p>Berger, L.R. & Parkington, J.E. (1995). A new Pleistocene hominid-bearing locality at Hoedjiespunt, South Africa. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 98: 601-609. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330980415">https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330980415</a></p> <p>Churchill, S.E., Berger, L.E. & Parkington, J.E. (2000). A Middle Pleistocene human tibia from Hoedjiespunt, Western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 96: 367-368. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA00382353_8943">https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA00382353_8943</a> </p> <p>Stynder, D.D., Moggi-Cecchi, J. Berger, R.L. & Parkington, J.E. (2001). Human mandibular incisors from the late Middle Pleistocene locality of Hoedjiespunt 1, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 41: 369-383. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2001.0488">https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2001.0488</a></p>
Physical oceanography and meteorological data from the W1M3A observatory, Ligurian Sea (North Western Mediterranean) October 2023 - May 2024
<p>Time series data of physical oceanography (salinity, temperature) and meteorology (atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, shortwave radiation, longwave radiation and rain) collected from October 2023 up to May 2024 by observatory W1M3A at 1h interval. The file contains tabular data (tab delimited) with the following columns: TIME in UTC [yyyy-MM-ddThh:mm:ssZ]; Latitude [deg]; Longitude [deg]; nominal depth [m]; Atmospheric Pressure [hPa]; Wind speed [m/s]; Wind direction [deg]; Air Temperature [°C]; Relative air humidity [%]; Short wave Radiation [W/m2]; Long wave radiation [W/m2]; Rainfall [mm/h]; Sea temperature [°C]; Conductivity [mmS/cm]. Missing data are defined as NaN.</p>
Taxonomic and ecological database of trees of Western Ghats - TreeGhatsData
<p><em>TreeGhatsData</em> is a compilation of lists of tree taxa found in Western Ghats, South India:</p> <ul> <li>taxa for which the word "tree" appears in habit description in the book <em>Flowering plants of the Western Ghats</em> edited by the Tropical Botanic Garden Research Institute (TBGRI), including planted or cultivated taxa (Nayar, Beegam, and Sibi. 2014);</li> <li>tree taxa described after 2014 in journal articles;</li> <li>taxon names used in forest surveys published by the French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP), in journal articles from 2000, and in the Atlas of endemics of the Western Ghats (Ramesh and Pascal 1997);</li> <li>taxon names reported with "tree" habit in Indian Biodiversity Portal (http://indiabiodiversity.org/).</li> </ul> <p>For each plant name, <em>TreeGhatsData</em> includes the following taxonomic information: family, genus epithet, species epithet, infrataxon rank, infrataxon epithet, authority. Both the family name used in TBGRI book and the corresponding family name according to Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system III (APGIII; Bremer et al. 2009) are provided.</p> <p><em>TreeGhatsData</em> includes the taxonomic status, the reference name and the authority according to TBGRI flora, along with taxonomic status from The Plant List version 1.1 (http://www.theplantlist.org/). From these two sources, a taxonomic status is suggested for each taxon name, with corresponding reference names and authorities.</p> <p><em>TreeGhatsData</em> also includes ecological and biogeographic information from TBGRI and completed by the botanists of French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP).</p> <p>Because most vegetation surveys do not provide taxon names at infraspecific level, <em>TreeGhatsData</em> includes both the infraspecific taxa mentioned in Western Ghats and the corresponding specific binomial names.</p> <p><em>TreeGhatsData</em> is provided as a CSV file with comma separator.</p> <p><strong>Related references</strong></p> <p>Bremer, B., Bremer, K., Chase, M. W., Fay, M. F., Reveal, J. L., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Stevens, P. F., Anderberg, A. A., Moore, M. J., Olmstead, R. G., Rudall, P. J., Sytsma, K. J., Tank, D. C., Wurdack, K., Xiang, J. Q. Y. & Zmarzty, S. (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 105-121.</p> <p>Nayar, T., Rasiya Beegam, A. & Sibi, M. (2014) Flowering plants of the Western Ghats, India, Volume 1 Dicots; Volume 2 Monocots. Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute.</p> <p>Ramesh, B. & Pascal, J.-P. (1997) Atlas of endemics of the Western Ghats (India): distribution of tree species in the evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. French Institute of Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India.</p>
Last interglacial sea-level index points in the Western Mediterranean
<p>Sea-level index points, dated samples and correlated metadata for the Western Mediterranean. This dataset was assembled in the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines. Field descriptors are available at: https://walis-help.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</p> <p>See readme files for updates with respect to version 2.0</p>
Technical potential of ground-source heat pumps for Western Switzerland
<p>This dataset contains an estimation of the technical potential of shallow ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) for Western Switzerland, at a spatial resolution of 200 x 200 m<sup>2</sup>. The technical potential is hereby defined as the maximum energy that could be extracted from GSHP systems in case of their dense deployment, such as to <strong>avoid the over-exploitation</strong> of the heat capacity of the ground. We consider GSHPs with <strong>vertical closed-loop borehole heat exchangers</strong> (BHE) installed at depths of 50 - 200 m. The dataset covers around 80,000 property units (parcels) in the Swiss Cantons of Vaud and Geneva, excluding only the areas of the Alps and the Jura mountains.</p> <p>The estimated potential accounts for:</p> <ul> <li>Norms for geothermal installations set by the Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects (SIA 384/6)</li> <li>Thermal interferences between neighbouring boreholes and their impact on the temperature change in the ground</li> <li>Topographic Landscape data to assess the available area for BHE installation</li> </ul> <p>The methodology used to generate the data is described in:</p> <p>Walch, Alina, Nahid Mohajeri, Agust Gudmundsson, and Jean-Louis Scartezzini. ‘Quantifying the Technical Geothermal Potential from Shallow Borehole Heat Exchangers at Regional Scale’. <em>Renewable Energy</em> 165 (2021): 369–80. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.019">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.019</a>.</p> <p><strong>Dataset description</strong></p> <p>As the data is targeted to large-scale applications and potential studies, it is shared in the format of <strong>pixels of 200 x 200 m<sup>2</sup></strong>. Upon request it can be provided at different aggregation levels, as it is generated at the resolution of individual building units (parcels). The potential is provided as <strong>annual</strong> <strong>values</strong>, and it can be converted to monthly values using the provided heating degree weights. For each pixel of 200 x 200 m<sup>2</sup>, we provide the following variables:</p> <ul> <li>Annual total technical heat extraction potential (in MWh)</li> <li>Potential heat delivered <em>to buildings </em>(heat pump output), assuming a heat pump performance (COP) of 4.5 (in MWh)</li> <li>Available area for GSHP installation (in m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li>Number of installed boreholes </li> <li>Average heat extraction rate (in W/m)</li> <li>Average borehole depth (in m)</li> <li>Average borehole spacing within the parcels located in the pixel (in m)</li> <li>Heating degree weights (i.e. heat demand variation) for each month</li> </ul> <p>A description of the metadata is provided in the document <em>gshp_VD_GE_metadata_V1.pdf.</em></p> <p>This work is part of the PhD Thesis of Alina Walch. </p>
Monthly and Annual contour lines of the zero and the positive maximum of the Wind Stress Curl over Western North Atlantic during 1980-2019 and the Gulf Stream path during 1993-2019.
<p>This dataset includes multiple fields: (i) files for monthly and annual fields for the max curl line and the zero curl line at 0.1 degree longitudinal resolutions; (ii) files for monthly and annual GS path obtained from Altimetry and originally processed by Andres (2016) at 0.1 degree longitudinal resolution. The maximum curl line (MCL) and the zero curl line (ZCL) calculations are briefly described here and are based on the original wind data (at 1.25 x 1.25 degree) provided by the Japanese reanalysis (JRA-55; Kobayashi et al., 2015) and available at https://zenodo.org/record/8200832 (Gifford et al. 2023). For details see Gifford, 2023. </p> <p>The wind stress curl (WSC) fields used for the MCL and ZCL calculations extend from 80W to 45W and 30N to 45N at the 1.25 by 1.25-degree resolution. The MCL is defined as the maximum WSC values greater than zero within the domain per 1.25 degree longitude. As such, it is a function of longitude and is not a constant WSC value unlike the zero contour. High wind stress curl values that occurred near the coast were not included within this calculation. After MCL at the 1.25 resolution was obtained the line was smoothed with a gaussian smoothing and interpolated on to a 0.1 longitudinal resolution. The smoothed MCL lines at 0.1 degree resolution are provided in separate files for monthly and annual averages (2 files). Similarly, 2 other files (monthly and annual) are provided for the ZCL. </p> <p>Like the MCL, the ZCL is a line derived from 1.25 degree longitude throughout the domain under the condition that it's the line of zero WSC. The ZCL is constant at 0 and does not vary spatially like the MCL. If there are more than one location of zero curl for a given longitude the first location south of the MCL is selected. Similar to the MCL, the ZCL was smoothed with a gaussian smoothing and interpolated on to a 0.1 longitudinal resolution. </p> <p>The above files span the years from 1980 through 2019. So, the monthly files have 480 months starting January 1980, and the annual files have 40 years of data. The files are organized with each row being a new time step and each column being a different longitude. Therefore, the monthly MCL and ZCL files are each 480 x 351 for the 0.1 resolution data. Similarly, the annual files are 40 x 351 for the 0.1 degree resolution data. </p> <p><strong>Note that the monthly MCLs and ZCLs are obtained from the monthly wind-stress curl fields. The annual MCLs and ZCLs are obtained from the annual wind-stress curl fields.</strong></p> <p>Since the monthly curl fields preserves more atmospheric mesoscales than the annual curl fields, the 12-month average of the monthly MCLs and ZCLs will not match with the annual MCLs and ZCLs derived from the annual curl field. The annual MCLs and ZCLs provided here are obtained from the annual curl fields and representative metrics of the wind forcing on an annual time-scale. </p> <p>Furthermore, the monthly Gulf Stream axis path (25 cm isoheight from Altimeter, reprocessed by Andres (2016) technique) from 1993 through 2019 have been made available here. A total of 324 monthly paths of the Gulf Stream are tabulated. In addition, the annual GS paths for these 27 years (1993-2019) of altimetry era have been put together for ease of use. The monthly Gulf Stream paths have been resampled and reprocessed for uniqueness at every 0.1 degree longitude from 75W to 50W and smoothed with a 100 km (10 point) running average via matlab. The uniqueness has been achieved by using Consolidator algorithm (D’Errico, 2023). </p> <p>Each monthly or annual GS path has 251 points between 75W to 50W at 0.1 degree resolution. </p>
DRIFteRS: A dataset of drift invertebrate densities in streams and rivers across western North America, 1997–2024
Prey availability is among the most influential and highly variable determinants of fish growth and freshwater habitat carrying capacity, yet it remains understudied compared to physical habitat variables (Rosenfeld et al. 2014; Weber et al. 2017; Ouellet et al. 2025). We often lack a clear understanding of how much food is available to fishes, how it varies spatially and temporally, and how it influences responses to restoration (Wipfli et al. 2010; Ouellet et al. 2025; Rossi et al. 2024). Drift invertebrates—the primary food source for juvenile salmonids and other drift-foraging fishes—play a pivotal role in these dynamics. To better understand the spatial and temporal variability of drift invertebrate abundance and biomass across the freshwater range of drift-feeding salmonids in western North America, we compiled the DRIFteRS dataset (DRift Invertebrates For salmonids in River Systems). The dataset encompasses 6,159 samples of drift invertebrates, and, for a subset of drift samples, associated benthic invertebrate density data, collected from 1,360 reaches on 459 unique rivers and streams spanning 55 river basins considered hydrologically independent (i.e., not nested within the same larger watershed) across British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Sample sites represent a diverse array of river and stream habitats (e.g., headwater, mainstem, side channel), in watersheds with diverse land uses (e.g., urban, wilderness, agricultural), and disturbance histories (e.g., fire, restoration). Collected between 1997 and 2024, the data span the full calendar year and capture daily and seasonal patterns in drift abundance and biomass densities. When paired with water quality and quantity data as well as remotely sensed environmental landscape data, such as land use / land cover, climate, and disturbance history, channel morphology, and riparian vegetation compo
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.