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20 results for “white plumage”
Figure 5 in Distribution and identification of the White-collared Kite Leptodon forbesi and the juvenile plumages of the Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Figure 5. Subadult of Leptodon cayanensis (left) and Leptodon forbesi (right) showing the same plumage pattern. Records made in São Paulo (photo by Marcelo Figueiroa) and Alagoas (photo by Ciro albano), respectively.
Figure 3 in Distribution and identification of the White-collared Kite Leptodon forbesi and the juvenile plumages of the Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Figure 3. Juvenile individual of Leptodon cayanensis in mimetic phase of Spizaetus ornatus, photographed in Belterra, Pará. Photos by Robson Czaban.
Figure 2 in Distribution and identification of the White-collared Kite Leptodon forbesi and the juvenile plumages of the Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Figure 2. Juvenile individuals of Leptodon cayanensis in the melanistic phase, photographed in Rio Maya Lodge, Belize (left), and in Campinas, São Paulo (right). Photos by Aaron Juan and Guilherme Ortiz, respectively.
Figure 7. A in Distribution and identification of the White-collared Kite Leptodon forbesi and the juvenile plumages of the Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Figure 7. A pair of Leptodon in Alagoas (left) and another in Sergipe (right). Note that the pair in Alagoas has a typical adult L. forbesi along with a presumed subadult one, and the pair in Sergipe has a typical adult L. cayanensis along with a presumed subadult one; but the subadults are not identifiable. Photos by Ciro Albano and Cayo Lima, respectively.
Figure 1 in Distribution and identification of the White-collared Kite Leptodon forbesi and the juvenile plumages of the Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Figure 1. Juvenile light phase in both species. Leptodon cayanensis (left) photographed in Pirajuí, São Paulo, and Leptodon forbesi (right) photographed in Santa Rita, Paraíba. Photos by Rafael Martins and Ian Thompson, respectively.
Figure 6 in Distribution and identification of the White-collared Kite Leptodon forbesi and the juvenile plumages of the Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Figure 6. Updated distribution of Leptodon forbesi. Black circles represent all records of L. forbesi (see the localities in Pereira et al., 2019 and in the text above; the two circles in Sergipe are the photos WA3954496 and WA3608338), white squares represent the records of L. cayanensis in Sergipe (Pereira et al., 2014; Silva & Lima, 2016; Fig. 7), and the white triangle represents a subadult Leptodon sp. (WA3548821). The range adopted by BirdLife/IUCN (2020) was based on the misidentified record in Bahia state.
Figure 4 in Distribution and identification of the White-collared Kite Leptodon forbesi and the juvenile plumages of the Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis
Figure 4. Leptodon cayanensis (A-D) and Leptodon forbesi (E-H) in successive molts. Individuals A and E show the subadult plumage (see photos in Fig. 5), which follows the mimetic juvenile one, and individuals D and H show the definitive adult plumage.
Stabilizing selection on a plumage-based foraging adaptation: hooded warblers with average-sized white tail spots live longer
<p><span>Avian flush-pursuit insectivores typically use contrasting white plumage patches in their tails or wings to startle potential prey. Although experimental evidence indicates that the extent of white has been fine-tuned by natural selection to optimize foraging performance, the hypothesis that within-population plumage variation directly influences survival or lifetime reproduction and is subject to stabilizing selection has not been tested. Here I provide such a test using data collected as part of a 14-year study of a colour-ringed breeding population of the hooded warbler (<em>Setophaga</em> <em>citrina</em>), a migratory flush-pursuit insectivore that shows inter-individual variation in the extent of white in the tail that is highly repeatable across molts and likely heritable. As expected under stabilizing selection, warblers with average-sized white tail patches achieved significantly higher long-term apparent survival than individuals with either a lesser or greater extent of white in the tail. Evidence of stabilizing selection was especially strong in males, an observation that is likely related to pronounced sexual habitat segregation on the wintering range. My results provide infrequently observed evidence of stabilizing selection operating in a natural population and also illustrate how stabilizing selection can act on avian plumage traits outside the context of sexual and social signaling.</span></p>
How woodcocks produce the most brilliant white plumage patches among the birds
<p>Until recently, and when compared with diurnal birds that use contrasting plumage patches and complex feather structures to convey visual information, communication in nocturnal and crepuscular species was considered to follow acoustic and chemical channels. However, many birds that are active in low-light environments have evolved intensely white plumage patches within otherwise inconspicuous plumages. We used spectrophotometry, electron microscopy, and optical modelling to explain the mechanisms producing bright white tail feather tips of the Eurasian woodcock <em>Scolopax</em> <em>rusticola</em>. Their diffuse reflectance was ~30% higher than any previously measured feather. This intense reflectance is the result of incoherent light scattering from a disordered nanostructure composed of keratin and air within the barb rami. In addition, the flattening, thickening, and arrangement of those barbs create a Venetian-blind-like macrostructure that enhances the surface area for light reflection. We suggest that the woodcocks have evolved these bright white feather patches for long-range visual communication in dimly lit environments.</p>
Hidden white and black feather layers enhance plumage coloration in tanagers and other songbirds
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How woodcocks produce the most brilliant white plumage patches among the birds
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Stabilizing selection on a plumage-based foraging adaptation: hooded warblers with average-sized white tail spots live longer
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Duck pan-genome reveals two transposon-derived structural variations caused bodyweight enlarging and white plumage phenotype formation during evolution
<p><span>Structural variations (SVs) are a major source of domestication and improvement traits. We present the first duck pan-genome constructed using five genome assemblies capturing ~40.98 Mb new sequences. This pan-genome together with high-depth sequencing data (>46.5X) identified 101,041 SVs, of which substantial proportions were derived from transposable element (TE) activity. Many TE-derived SVs anchored in a gene body or regulatory region are linked to domestication and improvement. By combining quantitative genetics with molecular experiments, we dissect how TE-derived SVs change gene expression of <em>IGF2BP1</em> and generate novel transcripts of <em>MITF</em>, shaping body weight and plumage color. In the <em>IGF2BP1</em> locus, the TE-derived SV explains the largest effect on body weight among avian species (27.61% of phenotypic variation). Our findings highlight the </span><span>importance of using a pan-genome as a reference in genomics studies</span><span> and explore the roles of TE-derived SVs in trait formation and in livestock breeding.</span></p>
Duck pan-genome reveals two transposon-derived structural variations caused bodyweight enlarging and white plumage phenotype formation during evolution
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Patterns of genetic divergence and demographic history shed light on island-mainland population dynamics and melanic plumage evolution in the white-winged fairywren
<p>The existence of distinct traits in island versus mainland populations offers opportunities to gain insights into how eco-evolutionary processes operate under natural conditions. We used two island colonization events in the white-winged fairywren (<i>Malurus </i><i>leucopterus</i>) to investigate the genomic and demographic origin of melanic plumage. This avian species is distributed across most of Australia, and males of the mainland subspecies (<i>M. l. leuconotus</i>) exhibit a blue nuptial plumage in contrast to males of two island subspecies – <i>M. l. leucopterus </i>on Dirk Hartog Island<i> </i>and <i>M. l. edouardi</i>on Barrow Island – that exhibit a black nuptial plumage. We used reduced-representation sequencing to explore differentiation and demographic history in this species and found clear patterns of divergence between mainland and island populations, with additional substructuring on the mainland. Divergence between the mainland and Dirk Hartog was approximately 10 times more recent than the split between the mainland and Barrow Island, supporting two independent colonizations. In both cases, estimated gene flow between the mainland and the islands was low, contributing to signals of divergence among subspecies. Our results present demographic reconstructions of mainland-island dynamics and associated plumage variation in white-winged fairywrens, with broader implications regarding our understanding of convergent evolution in insular populations.</p>
Data from: White plumage color as an honest indicator: feather macrostructure links reflectance with reproductive effort and success
<p class="normal1">The structural condition of feathers may generally have a decisive role in shaping the color properties of the plumage. However, the information content of structurally mediated color differences is poorly known. This makes it particularly hard to determine the meaning of color variation in pigment-free white plumage patches. The white wing patch of the collared flycatcher (<em>Ficedula albicollis</em>) is an important sexual trait, and changes in its reflectance are partly due to macrostructural condition. We used two years of macrostructural, reflectance and breeding data from both sexes to examine whether wing patch macrostructure lends information content to actual reflectance in terms of reproductive effort and success. Macrostructure strongly predicted actual reflectance in males but only weakly in females. Furthermore, in males, feather vane width was related positively to current year reproductive effort, and negatively to previous year reproductive effort. This indicates that macrostructurally mediated reflectance attributes may inform the receiver not only of actual reproductive capacity but also of individual quality via reproductive costs.</p>
Patterns of genetic divergence and demographic history shed light on island-mainland population dynamics and melanic plumage evolution in the white-winged fairywren
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Data from: White plumage color as an honest indicator: feather macrostructure links reflectance with reproductive effort and success
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Data from: Juvenile plumage whiteness is associated with the evolution of clutch size in passerines
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Identification and profiling of microRNAs associated with white and black plumage pigmentation in the white and black feather bulbs of ducks by RNA-Sequencing
GEO Series GSE69301. Anas platyrhynchos. 5 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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OpenNeuro
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