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37 results for “wild dog”
An integrated population model reveals source-sink dynamics for competitively subordinate African wild dogs linked to anthropogenic prey depletion
<ol> <li>Many African large carnivore populations are declining due to decline of the herbivore populations on which they depend. The densities of apex carnivores like the lion and spotted hyena correlate strongly with prey density, but competitive subordinates like the African wild dog benefit from competitive release when the density of apex carnivores is low, so the expected effect of a simultaneous decrease in resources and dominant competitors is not obvious. </li> <li>Wild dogs in Zambia's Luangwa Valley Ecosystem occupy four ecologically similar areas with well-described differences in the densities of prey and dominant competitors, due to spatial variation in illegal offtake.</li> <li>We used long-term data to fit a Bayesian integrated population model (IPM) of the demography and dynamics of wild dogs in these four regions. The IPM used Leslie projection to link a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model of area-specific survival (allowing for individual heterogeneity in detection), a zero-inflated Poisson model of area-specific fecundity, and a state-space model of population size that used estimates from a closed mark-capture model as the counts from which (latent) population size was estimated.</li> <li>The IPM showed that both survival and reproduction were lowest in the region with the lowest density of preferred prey (puku, <em>Kobus vardonii</em>, and impala, <em>Aepyceros</em> <em>melampus</em>), despite little use of this area by lions. Survival and reproduction were highest in the region with the highest prey density, and intermediate in the two regions with intermediate prey density. The population growth rate (λ) was positive for the population as a whole, strongly positive in the region with the highest prey density, and strongly negative in the region with the lowest prey density.</li> <li>It has long been thought that the benefits of competitive release protect African wild dogs from the costs of low prey density. Our results show that the costs of prey depletion overwhelm the benefits of competitive release and cause local population decline where anthropogenic prey depletion is strong. Because competition is important in many guilds and humans are affecting resources of many types, it is likely that similarly fundamental shifts in population limitation are arising in many systems.</li> </ol>
Fig. 1 in First findings of Trichinella spiralis and DNA of Echinococcus multilocularis in wild raccoon dogs in the Netherlands
Fig. 1. Finding locations of the raccoon dogs in the Netherlands. Finding locations are indicated with black dots. The finding location of the raccoon dog positive for E. multilocularis is indicated with a green star, the finding location of the raccoon dog positive for T. spiralis is indicated with a red square. Names of the relevant provinces are shown on the map. The marked areas represent the areas in which red foxes positive for Echinococcus multilocularis have been detected in previous studies.
Fig. 4 in Maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi, T. evansi and Leishmania spp. by domestic dogs and wild mammals in a rural settlement in Brazil-Bolivian border
Fig. 4. Path analysis on the influences of contact and feeding on wild mammals in relation to infections of dogs surveyed at Urucum settlement, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil in 2015.
Fig. 3 in Maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi, T. evansi and Leishmania spp. by domestic dogs and wild mammals in a rural settlement in Brazil-Bolivian border
Fig. 3. Path analysis on the influences of infections in relation to physical examination of dogs surveyed at Urucum settlement, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil in 2015.
Fig. 2 in Maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi, T. evansi and Leishmania spp. by domestic dogs and wild mammals in a rural settlement in Brazil-Bolivian border
Fig. 2. Three-way Venn diagram illustrating coinfection, single infection or no infection of T. cruzi, T. evansi, and Leishmania spp. in 62 dogs from the Urucum settlement along the Brazil-Bolivia border. Total numbers and percentages are presented.
Fig. 1 in Maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi, T. evansi and Leishmania spp. by domestic dogs and wild mammals in a rural settlement in Brazil-Bolivian border
Fig. 1. The Brazil-Bolivian border and Urucum settlement (Corumbá, MS) demonstrating the site of collections.
Fig. 2 in First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis in an Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) from Thailand
Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the Hepatozoon partial 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequence. Hepatozoon canis (MK144332) was amplified from an Asiatic wild dog in Thailand and analyzed for comparison with other Hepatozoon spp. from the GenBank database. The numbers on branches indicate percent bootstrap support based on 1000 bootstrap replications and only bootstrap values ≥ 50% are shown.
Fig. 1 in First detection and molecular identification of Babesia gibsoni and Hepatozoon canis in an Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus) from Thailand
Fig. 1. Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of the Babesia partial 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequence. Babesia gibsoni (MK144331) was amplified from an Asiatic wild dog in Thailand and analyzed for comparison with other Babesia spp. from the GenBank database. The numbers on branches indicate percent bootstrap support based on 1000 bootstrap replications and only bootstrap values ≥ 50% are shown.
Fig. 1 in Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in invasive wild boars (Sus scrofa) and hunting dogs from Brazil
Fig. 1. Map highlighting the cities where wild boar and hunting dog samples were obtained, Brazil, 2024.
Data from "Higher mortality is not a universal cost of dispersal: A case study in African wild dogs"
<p>Mortality is considered one of the main costs of dispersal. A reliable evaluation of mortality, however, is often hindered by a lack of information about the fate of individuals that disappear under unexplained circumstances (i.e. missing individuals). Here, we addressed this uncertainty by applying a Bayesian mortality analysis that inferred the fate of missing individuals based on information from individuals with known fate. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that mortality during dispersal is higher than mortality among non-disperser using 32 years of mark-resighting data from a free-ranging population of the endangered African wild dog (<em>Lycaon pictus</em>) in northern Botswana. Contrary to expectations, we found that mortality during dispersal was lower than mortality among non-dispersers, indicating that higher mortality is not a universal cost of dispersal. Our findings suggest group living can incur costs for certain age classes, such as limited access to resources as group density increases, that exceed the mortality costs associated with dispersal. By challenging the accepted expectation of higher mortality during dispersal, we urge for further investigations of this key life-history trait, and propose a robust statistical approach to reduce bias in mortality estimates.</p>
An integrated population model reveals source-sink dynamics for competitively subordinate African wild dogs linked to anthropogenic prey depletion
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African wild dog dispersal and implications for management
Successful conservation of species that roam and disperse over large areas requires detailed understanding of their movement patterns and connectivity between subpopulations. But empirical information on movement, space use, and connectivity is lacking for many species, and data acquisition is often hindered when study animals cross international borders. The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) exemplifies such species that require vast undisturbed areas to support viable, self‐sustaining populations. To study wild dog dispersal and investigate potential barriers to movements and causes of mortality during dispersal, between 2016 and 2019 we followed the fate of 16 dispersing coalitions (i.e., same‐sex group of ≥1 dispersing African wild dogs) in northern Botswana through global positioning system (GPS)‐satellite telemetry. Dispersing wild dogs covered ≤54 km in 24 hours and traveled 150 km to Namibia and 360km to Zimbabwe within 10 days. Wild dogs were little hindered in their movements by natural landscape features, whereas medium to densely human‐populated landscapes represented obstacles to dispersal. Human‐caused mortality was responsible for >90% of the recorded deaths. Our results suggest that a holistic approach to the management and conservation of highly mobile species is necessary to develop effective research and evidence‐based conservation programs across transfrontier protected areas, including the need for coordinated research efforts through collaboration between national and international conservation authorities.
Livestock guardian dogs establish a landscape of fear for wild predators: implications for the role of guardian dogs in reducing human-wildlife conflict and supporting biodiversity conservation
<ol> <li>Livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) are increasingly used to protect livestock from predators, but their effects on the distribution and behaviour of wild predators are mostly unknown. A key question is whether LGDs exclude predators from grazing land, or if predators continue to use areas with LGDs but modify their behaviour in ways that reduce impacts on livestock.</li> <li>We studied effects of LGDs (Maremma sheepdogs) on distribution and behaviour of red foxes Vulpes vulpes in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. We mapped the activity of LGDs across the study areas using GPS tracking and measured fox activity using remote cameras. We also measured risk-sensitive foraging in foxes to test if they reduced feeding time at sites regularly used by LGDs.</li> <li>Foxes occurred throughout areas occupied by LGDs, but their probability of detection was negatively related to probability of LGD presence. Foxes extracted fewer food items from experimental food stations in proportion to the intensity of local activity of LGDs. This indicates that though foxes overlapped with LGDs, they responded to risk of encountering LGDs by allocating less time to foraging. </li> <li>While LGDs do not necessarily exclude wild predators from areas used for livestock production, they can have strong effects on predator behaviour. Reduction in time allocated to foraging in areas regularly used by LGDs could lead to suppression of hunting behaviour and therefore a reduction in attacks on livestock. The flexible response of predators to LGDs should facilitate coexistence of wild predators with livestock farming, by allowing predators to continue to use areas occupied by livestock while still preventing attacks on those livestock. Our results therefore strengthen the case for use of LGDs in the conservation of predators threatened by conflict with farming. Suppression of hunting behaviour should also mean that prey species experience reduced rates of predation on farmland with LGDs. This effect could be valuable for conservation of threatened species of prey.</li> </ol>
Data from: genetic evidence of differential dispersal pattern in Asiatic wild dog: comparing populations with different pack size and tiger densities
<p><span>Dispersal is a multi-causal, crucial life-history event in shaping the genetic and behavioral structure of mammals. We assessed the dispersal pattern of dholes aka Asiatic wild dog (<em>Cuon alpinus</em>), a social monogamous mammal at two tiger reserves of Maharashtra with different degrees of pack size and competition with tigers i.e. Tadoba-Andhari (TATR, smaller pack size, higher tiger density) and Nawegaon-Nagzira (NNTR, larger pack size, lower tiger density). We used the microsatellite data of 174 individual genotypes (98 males and 67 females) to assess the dispersal pattern of dholes from two populations with varying pack size, tiger density, and landscape connectivity using gene flow as a proxy. We compared the population structure, pairwise F statistics, assignment index, and relatedness across a spatial scale. Overall, the results suggested a difference in sex-bias dispersal pattern for the two sub-populations, exhibiting significant results for female-biased dispersal in the TATR population with a smaller pack size and higher tiger density. Our study highlights the variability in sex-biased dispersal patterns in two different populations which could be the consequence of different variables such as pack size, tiger density, and geographical scale. The study warrants further quantitative investigation including several factors including individual behavior, pack composition, pack size, tiger density, etc. In the present Anthropocene era, determining the sex bias in dispersal patterns for a short-range, pack-living carnivore will help in devising an effective conservation management plan for their long-term survival.</span></p>
Hierarchy of fear: experimentally testing ungulate reactions to lion, African wild dog and cheetah
<p>Experiments have begun demonstrating that the fear (antipredator responses) large carnivores inspire in ungulates can shape ecosystem structure and function. Most such experiments have focused on the impacts of either just one large carnivore, or all as a whole, rather than the different impacts different large carnivores may have in intact multi-predator-prey systems. Experimentally testing the relative fearfulness ungulates demonstrate toward different large carnivores is a necessary first step in addressing these likely differing impacts. We tested the fearfulness ungulates demonstrated to audio playbacks of lions (<em>Panthera leo</em>), African wild dogs (<em>Lycaon pictus</em>), cheetahs (<em>Acinonyx jubatus</em>) or non-predator controls (birds), in Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ungulates ran more to lions than wild dogs and more to wild dogs than cheetahs, demonstrating a very clear hierarchy of fear. Those that did not run were vigilant (looked toward the sound) more upon hearing large carnivores than controls, being most vigilant to lions. Notably, predator prey preferences did not predict the patterns observed. Our results demonstrate that different large carnivores inspire different levels of fear in their ungulate prey, pointing to differing community-level impacts, which we discuss in relation to the ongoing worldwide decline and loss of large carnivores.</p>
Long-term data reveal fitness costs of anthropogenic prey depletion for a subordinate competitor, the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus
<p>Within carnivore guilds, dominant competitors (e.g., lions, <em>Panthera leo</em>) are limited primarily by the density of prey, while subordinate competitors (e.g., African wild dogs, <em>Lycaon pictus</em>) have been limited by the density of dominant competitors. Historically, the fitness and population density of subordinate competitors have not been tightly linked to prey density. However, populations of large herbivores have declined substantially across sub-Saharan Africa due to human impacts, and where prey depletion is severe, fitness costs for competitive subordinates may begin to outweigh the benefits of competitive release. Using long-term intensive monitoring of African wild dogs in Zambia's Luangwa Valley Ecosystem (LVE), we tested the effects of prey depletion on survival and reproduction. Our study area included four contiguous regions that varied in protection, prey density, and lion density. We fit Bayesian Cormack-Jolly-Seber and closed-capture models to estimate effects on survival and population density, and generalized linear models to estimate effects on reproductive success. We found that the LVE is a stronghold for wild dogs, with an estimated median density of 4.0 individuals/100 km<sup>2</sup>. Despite this high density, survival and reproduction differed among regions, and both components of fitness were substantially reduced in the region with the lowest prey density. Anthropogenic prey depletion is becoming an important limiting factor for African wild dogs. If prey depletion (or any other form of habitat degradation) becomes severe enough that its fitness costs outweigh the benefits of competitive release, such changes can fundamentally alter the balance between limiting factors for competitively subordinate species.</p>
Data from: genetic evidence of differential dispersal pattern in Asiatic wild dog: comparing populations with different pack size and tiger densities
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Long-term data reveal fitness costs of anthropogenic prey depletion for a subordinate competitor, the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
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African wild dog dispersal and implications for management
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Hierarchy of fear: experimentally testing ungulate reactions to lion, African wild dog and cheetah
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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