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39 results for “wing dimorphism”
Fig. 2 in Sexual dimorphism and population differentiation in the Chilean Neotropical moth Macaria mirthae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): a wing geometric morphometric example
Fig. 2. Benítez et al. (2015), representation of the 13 morphological landmarks identified in the forewings of Macaria mirthae.
Fig. 3 in Sexual dimorphism and population differentiation in the Chilean Neotropical moth Macaria mirthae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): a wing geometric morphometric example
Fig. 3. PCA analysis of the sexual shape dimorphism of Macaria mirthae: the figure shows the first two orthogonal PC components' axes that represent the shape space dimensions, also a decomposition of shape variation between sexes. *Each point represents a different shape.
Fig. 5 in Sexual dimorphism and population differentiation in the Chilean Neotropical moth Macaria mirthae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): a wing geometric morphometric example
Fig. 5. Multivariate regression of the wing shape on the wing centroid size of Macaria mirthae. Grey points represent female wings and black points represent male wings.
Fig. 1 in Sexual dimorphism and population differentiation in the Chilean Neotropical moth Macaria mirthae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): a wing geometric morphometric example
Fig. 1. Graphical scheme of the location of the two Valleys in Atacama Desert in the north of Chile.
Figure 1. - Representative specimens of the nine Epicephala species in Japan. Wing pattern of Epicephalaparasitica is sexually dimorphic, so specimens of both sexes are shown for this species. A Epicephalaanthophilia (Amami Island, Kagoshima, ♀, holotype) B Epicephalabipollenella (Henoko, Okinawa, ♀) C Epicephalalanceolatella (Cape Hedo, Okinawa, ♀, holotype) D Epicephalaperplexa (Cape Hedo, Okinawa, ♀, holotype) E Epicephalaobovatella (Tomogashima, Wakayama, ♂, paratype) F Epicephalacorruptrix (Takae, Okinawa, ♀, holotype) G Epicephalavitisidaea (Yona, Okinawa, ♀) H Epicephalaparasitica (Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, ♀, holotype) I Epicephalaparasitica (Hateruma Island, Okinawa, ♂) J Epicephalanudilingua (Watarase-yusuichi, Tochigi, ♀, holotype). Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 1. - Representative specimens of the nine Epicephala species in Japan. Wing pattern of Epicephalaparasitica is sexually dimorphic, so specimens of both sexes are shown for this species. A Epicephalaanthophilia (Amami Island, Kagoshima, ♀, holotype) B Epicephalabipollenella (Henoko, Okinawa, ♀) C Epicephalalanceolatella (Cape Hedo, Okinawa, ♀, holotype) D Epicephalaperplexa (Cape Hedo, Okinawa, ♀, holotype) E Epicephalaobovatella (Tomogashima, Wakayama, ♂, paratype) F Epicephalacorruptrix (Takae, Okinawa, ♀, holotype) G Epicephalavitisidaea (Yona, Okinawa, ♀) H Epicephalaparasitica (Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, ♀, holotype) I Epicephalaparasitica (Hateruma Island, Okinawa, ♂) J Epicephalanudilingua (Watarase-yusuichi, Tochigi, ♀, holotype). Scale bar: 5 mm.
Threshold-dependent gene regulation and partial assortative mating determine wing dimorphism of an Insect
<p><span>Wing dimorphism is a fantastic</span> <span>life-historical trait of insects which indicates the developmental trend of populations, going as migrants or staying as residents. The alternative wing morph enhances adaptability of insects to changing environments. However, the underlying mechanism for maintaining wing dimorphism remains vague. The brown planthoppers <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em>, a serious pest of rice, are either short-winged or long-winged. The shift between two wing morphs is determined by two insulin receptors. So, this pest is a better model organism to explore the mechanism of wing dimorphism. Here, the short- and long-winged strains of <em>N. lugens</em> were selected. Rates of a selected wing morph were linearly increased in populations, and the selection response of the short-winged morph was stronger than that of the long-winged. Selection enhanced the migratory or resident propensity. Directional selection for the long-winged morph resulted in longer and lighter forewings, while selection for the short-winged morph generated shorter and thicker wings and higher fecundity. Relative expression levels of wing development genes <em>InR1, InR2</em>, and <em>FOXO</em> were positively correlated with the short-winged rate in the short-winged strain, while they were negatively correlated with the long-winged rate in the long-winged strain at specific stages. The change rate of expression levels was approximately two times as high as that of the wing morph rates in populations, indicating a high threshold-dependent gene expressed regulation of a wing morph. A partial assortative mating behavior occurred between the nearly pure-bred lineages of short- and long-winged strains. The short-winged males preferred to mate with short-winged females while the long-winged males mated with the short- and long-winged females equally. The threshold-dependent mode is flexible to adjust the wing morph according to environmental conditions and the partial assortative mating promotes the genetic exchange between two wing morphs which drive the maintenance of wing dimorphism.</span></p>
Gene duplication captures morph-specific promoter usage in the evolution of aphid wing dimorphisms
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Threshold-dependent gene regulation and partial assortative mating determine wing dimorphism of an Insect
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Data from: Ecology and sexual selection: evolution of wing pigmentation in calopterygid damselflies in relation to latitude, sexual dimorphism and speciation
Our knowledge about how the environment influences sexual selection regimes and how ecology and sexual selection interact is still limited. We performed an integrative study of wing pigmentation in calopterygid damselflies, combining phylogenetic comparative analyses, field observations and experiments. We investigated the evolutionary consequences of wing pigmentation for sexual dimorphism, speciation and extinction and addressed the possible thermoregulatory benefits of pigmentation. First, we reconstructed ancestral states of male and female phenotypes and traced the evolutionary change of wing pigmentation. Clear wings are the ancestral state and that pigmentation dimorphism is derived, suggesting that sexual selection results in sexual dimorphism. We further demonstrate that pigmentation elevates speciation and extinction rates. We also document a significant biogeographic association with pigmented species primarily occupying northern temperate regions with cooler climates. Field observations and experiments on two temperate sympatric species suggest a link between pigmentation, thermoregulation and sexual selection, although body temperature is also affected by other phenotypic traits such as body mass, microhabitat selection and thermoregulatory behaviors. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for wing pigmentation in sexual selection in males and in speciation. Wing pigmentation might not increase ecological adaptation and species longevity, and its primary function is in sexual signalling and species recognition.
Fig. 3 in Apharinodes sinensis sp. n. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from China, and discovery of male wing dimorphism in Hybocephalini
Fig. 3. Dorsal habitus of Apharinodes species. (A) A. papageno, male paratype. (B) A. miranda, male. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Fig. 2 in Apharinodes sinensis sp. n. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from China, and discovery of male wing dimorphism in Hybocephalini
Fig. 2. Details of male Apharinodes sinensis. (A) Head dorsum and pronotum (numbers indicate branches of squamous scales: 1. anterolateral branch; 2. basolateral branch; 3. mediobasal branch). (B) Head venter and prosternum. (C) Right antenna. (D) Tergite VIII. (E) Sternite VIII. (F) Sternite IX. (G) Aedeagus, in ventral view. (H) Same, in lateral view. Scale bars: A-C = 0.3 mm; D, E, G, H = 0.1 mm; F = 0.05 mm.
Fig. 1 in Apharinodes sinensis sp. n. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from China, and discovery of male wing dimorphism in Hybocephalini
Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus of Apharinodes sinensis. (A) Macropterous male. (B) Apterous male. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIG. 9. Ganiagraecia karwinia. A. Adult male. B. Adult female, note dimorphic for pronotal colouration. C in Studies in Australian Tettigoniidae: New short-winged Agraeciini from Australia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini)
FIG. 9. Ganiagraecia karwinia. A. Adult male. B. Adult female, note dimorphic for pronotal colouration. C. Female head. Note fastigium of vertex. D. Adult female, tubercles of meso- and metathorax. E. Adult female, right hind femur. F. Adult male, frons. G. Adult male, thorax. Note prothoracic spines and tubercles of meso- and metathorax. H. Adult male, tip of abdomen, dorsal view. I. Left male cercus, dorsal view. J. Left male cercus, ventral view. K. Left male tegmen. L. Adult male, head and pronotum. Note fastigium of vertex. M. Adult male subgenital plate, ventral view. N. Adult female, tip of abdomen. Note shape of supraanal plate and shallow median sulcus. O. Adult female subgenital plate.
FIGURES 20–24 in The genus Neoheegeria with a new species from Iran exhibiting wing-dimorphism (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 20–24. Neoheegeria spp. Ninth abdominal segment and tube (female) (20–22): (20) N. dalmatica; (21) N. persica; (22) N. astragali. N. astragali female microptera (23–24): (23) Tergites VII–VII (arrows indicates campaniform sensilla); (24) Pelta and tergite II.
FIGURES 12–19 in The genus Neoheegeria with a new species from Iran exhibiting wing-dimorphism (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 12–19. Neoheegeria astragali. (12) Head and fore legs (female microptera); (13) Antenna, head and fore legs (male macroptera); (14) Meso and metanotum (female microptera); (15) Meso and metasternum (female microptera) (arrows indicate metathoracic sternopleural sutures). N. persica (16) Meso and metanotum; (17) Meso and metasternum. N. sinaitica (18) Head and fore tarsal tooth. N. astragali (female microptera) (19) Tergites III–VI.
FIGURES 1–11. Neoheegeria spp. N. astragali female microptera 1–2 in The genus Neoheegeria with a new species from Iran exhibiting wing-dimorphism (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 1–11. Neoheegeria spp. N. astragali female microptera 1–2: (1) Adult; (2). Fore and hind wings. Fore leg 3–4: (3) N. astragali (female without fore tarsal tooth); (4) N. astragali (male). Antenna (female) 5–7: (5) N. astragali; (6) N. dalmatica; (7) N. persica. Fore leg 8–10: (8) N. astragali (female with minute fore tarsal tooth); (9) N. dalmatica (female without fore tarsal tooth); (10) N. dalmatica (female with small fore tarsal tooth). N. astragali female microptera: (11) Head, pronotum and fore legs.
Data from: Interrelations of global macroecological patterns in wing and thorax size, sexual size dimorphism, and range size of the Drosophilidae
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A sexual dimorphism in the spatial vision of North American band-winged grasshoppers
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Data from: Ecology and sexual selection: evolution of wing pigmentation in calopterygid damselflies in relation to latitude, sexual dimorphism and speciation
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Data from: Transcriptome profiling of maternal stress-induced wing dimorphism in pea aphids
Wing dimorphism, i.e., wingless and winged forms, can be induced by maternal stress signals and is an adaptive response of aphids to environmental changes. Here, we investigated the ecological and molecular effects of three kinds of stress, namely, crowding, predation, and aphid alarm pheromone, on wing dimorphism. These three stressors induced high proportion of up to 60% of winged morphs in offspring. Transcriptome analysis of stress-treated female aphids revealed different changes in maternal gene expression as induced by the three stressors. Crowding elicited widespread changes in the expression of genes involved in nutrient accumulation and energy mobilization. Distinct from crowding, predation caused dramatic expression changes in cuticle protein (CP) genes. Twenty-three CP genes that belong to CP RR2 subfamily and are highly expressed in legs and embryos were greatly repressed by the presence of ladybird. By contrast, application of alarm pheromone, E--farnesene, caused slight changes in gene expression. The three factors shared a responsive gene, cuticle protein 43. This study reveals the adaptive response of aphids to environmental stresses and provides a rich resource on genome-wide expression genes for exploring molecular mechanisms of ecological adaptation in aphids.
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