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22 results for “winter mortality”
Honey bee Winter mortality 2012-2014 - Epilobee analysis
<p>EPILOBEE was the first active epidemiological surveillance program implemented in 17 EU Member States, over 2 consecutive years (from autumn 2012 to summer 2014), following a harmonised protocol based on the EU reference laboratory guidelines. EFSA requested a statistical analysis on the EPILOBEE dataset to establish associations between colony mortalities and some factors including disease prevalence, the context of beekeeping and the apiary geographical distribution. The data set published is the result of the data cleaning and categorization performed on the EPILOBEE original dataset regarding winter mortality. The dataset comprises 4758 observations from apiaries across Europe.</p> <p>The present dataset has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as authors. This task has been carried out exclusively by the authors in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the authors, awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. </p> <p>The dataset is in EXCEL format.</p>
Fig. 5 in Avian trichomonosis mortality events in band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata) in California during winter 2014-2015
Fig. 5. Haemotoxylin and eosin staining (left) of the oral tissue of a band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) recovered during an avian trichomonosis mortality event showing a diffuse thick layer of necrosis extending through the submucosa and multifocally into the deeper soft tissue layers and skeletal muscle; scale bar is 200 μm. Immunohistochemical staining (right) of trichomonad antigen (red) of the same bird demonstrating large numbers of trichomonads in the oral tissue; scale bar is 50 μm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Avian trichomonosis mortality events in band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata) in California during winter 2014-2015
Fig. 2. Examples of caseonecrotic lesions (white arrowheads) in the oral cavity and upper digestive tracts of band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata monolis) collected during an avian trichomonosis mortality event in California, U.S.A., between November 2014 and June 2015. Birds collected from Contra Costa County (A), Marin County (B), and Monterey County (D) in January 2015 and Placer County (E) in February 2015.
Fig. 4 in Avian trichomonosis mortality events in band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata) in California during winter 2014-2015
Fig. 4. Body cavity with no adipose (white arrowheads) reserves (A.1) and the caseonecrotic lesions (white arrowheads) in the oral cavity (A.2) of a band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata monolis) collected during an avian trichomonosis mortality event in Ventura County, California, U.S.A., in January 2015. Body cavity with abundant adipose (white arrowheads) reserves (B.1) and the caseonecrotic lesions (white arrowheads) in the oral cavity and upper digestive tract (B.2) of a band-tailed pigeon collected during an avian trichomonosis mortality event in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A., in January 2015.
Fig. 3 in Avian trichomonosis mortality events in band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata) in California during winter 2014-2015
Fig. 3. Caseonecrotic lesions (white arrowheads) in the right eye socket (A) and oral cavity (B) of a band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata monolis) collected during an avian trichomonosis mortality event in Santa Clara County, California, U.S.A., in January 2015.
Fig. 1 in Avian trichomonosis mortality events in band-tailed pigeons (Patagioenas fasciata) in California during winter 2014-2015
Fig. 1. Number of band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata monolis) mortality reports from phone, email, and online form received by county by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW; Rancho Cordova, CA) and the California Department of Public Health (Richmond, CA) between November 2014 and June 2015 in California, U.S.A. (A). Number of band-tailed pigeons admitted to wildlife rehabilitation centers in California, U.S.A. and compiled by county between January and December 2015 (B). Number of band-tailed pigeon carcasses collected by county and received by CDFW between November 2014 and June 2015 in California, U.S.A. (C).
Test of a mountain pine beetle winter mortality model
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Data from: Low fitness at low latitudes: wintering in the tropics increases migratory delays and mortality rates in an arctic-breeding shorebird
<p>1. Evolutionary theories of seasonal migration generally assume that the costs of longer migrations are balanced by benefits at the non-breeding destinations. 2. We tested, and rejected, the null hypothesis of equal survival and timing of spring migration for High Arctic breeding sanderling Calidris alba using six and eight winter destinations between 55° N and 25° S, respectively. 3. Annual apparent survival was considerably lower for adult birds wintering in tropical West-Africa (Mauritania: 0.74 and Ghana: 0.75) than in three European sites (0.84, 0.84 and 0.87) and in subtropical Namibia (0.85). Moreover, compared with adults, second calendar-year sanderlings in the tropics, but not in Europe, often refrained from migrating north during the first possible breeding season. During northward migration, tropical-wintering sanderlings occurred at their final staging site in Iceland 5-15 days later than birds wintering further north or south. Namibia-wintering sanderlings tracked with solar geolocators only staged in West-Africa during southward migration. 4. The low annual survival, the later age of first northward migration and the later passage through Iceland during northward migration of tropical-wintering sanderlings, in addition to the skipping of this area during northward but not southward migration by Namibia-wintering sanderlings, all suggest they face issues during the late non-breeding season in West-Africa. 5. Migrating sanderlings defy long distances but may end up in winter areas with poor fitness prospects. We suggest that ecological conditions in tropical West-Africa make the fuelling prior to northward departure problematic. </p>
Chytridiomycosis and climate change: exposure to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and mild winter conditions do not increase mortality in juvenile agile frogs during hibernation
<p>Datasets and analyses for "Chytridiomycosis and climate change: exposure to <em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em> and mild winter conditions do not increase mortality in juvenile agile frogs during hibernation" by Kásler A., Holly D., Herczeg D., Ujszegi J. and Hettyey A., published online on 22nd January 2023 in Animal Conservation.</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12851">https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12851</a></p>
Data from: Parasites, depredators, and limited resources as potential drivers of winter mortality of feral honeybee colonies in German forests
<p>Wild honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) are considered extinct in most parts of Europe. The likely causes of their decline include increased parasite burden, lack of high-quality nesting sites and associated depredation pressure, and food scarcity. In Germany, feral honeybees still colonize managed forests, but their survival rate is too low to maintain viable populations. Based on colony observations collected during a monitoring study, data on parasite prevalence, experiments on nest depredation, and analyses of land cover maps, we explored whether parasite pressure, depredation or expected landscape-level food availability explain feral colony winter mortality. Considering the colony-level occurrence of 18 microparasites in the previous summer, colonies that died did not have a higher parasite burden than colonies that survived. Camera traps installed at cavity trees revealed that four woodpecker species, great tits, and pine martens act as nest depredators. In a depredator exclusion experiment, the winter survival rate of colonies in cavities with protected entrances was 50% higher than that of colonies with unmanipulated entrances. Landscapes surrounding surviving colonies contained on average 6.4 percentage points more cropland than landscapes surrounding dying colonies, with cropland being known to disproportionately provide forage for bees in our study system. We conclude that the lack of spacious but well-protected nesting cavities and the shortage of food are currently more important than parasites in limiting populations of wild-living honeybees in German forests. Increasing the density and diversity of large tree cavities and promoting bee forage plants in forests will probably promote wild-living honeybees despite parasite pressure.</p>
Data from: Parasites, depredators, and limited resources as potential drivers of winter mortality of feral honeybee colonies in German forests
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Reducing honey bee winter mortality with molybdenum supplementation: field evidence across Europe
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Data from: Low fitness at low latitudes: wintering in the tropics increases migratory delays and mortality rates in an Arctic breeding shorebird
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Western Arctic caribou herd winter lichen, snow depth, and mortality
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Raw data for the study titled "Fungal ectoparasites increase winter mortality of ladybird hosts despite limited effects on their immune system"
<p>Winter represents a challenging period for insects inhabiting temperate regions. A plethora of studies have investigated how abiotic environmental conditions such as temperature affect insect overwintering success. However, only a few studies have focused on biotic factors and the mechanisms affecting the overwintering performance of insects. Here, we investigated the effects of the parasitic fungus <em>Hesperomyces virescens</em> on the overwintering performance and immune system functioning of the invasive ladybird <em>Harmonia axyridis</em>. Winter survival was significantly lower for infected than for uninfected beetles. Body mass loss during overwintering tend to be higher for infected individuals compared to uninfected ones and for larger beetles. In addition, parasitic infection reduced post-winter longevity without food in male but not female ladybirds. Total haemocyte and protein concentration as well as antimicrobial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> significantly decreased during ladybird overwintering. However, haemolymph parameters were only poorly affected by <em>Hesperomyces</em> infection, with the exception of antimicrobial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> that tended to be higher in infected ladybirds. Interestingly, none of the pre-winter haemolymph parameters were good predictors of ladybird winter survival. Overall, our results indicate that energy exhaustion unrelated to immune system challenge is the most probable explanation for increased overwintering mortality in infected beetles.</p>
Data From: Winter mortality of a passerine bird increases following hotter summers and during winters with higher maximum temperatures
<p><span>Climate change influences animal population dynamics via effects on survival or reproduction. However, attributing changes in mortality to specific climate variables is challenging as it is often not known exactly when individuals died within a year. Here, we investigated climate effects on adult mortality in Australian superb fairy-wrens (<em>Malurus cyaneus</em>). Over a 27-year period, mortality outside the breeding season nearly doubled. This non-breeding season mortality increased with both lower minimum and higher maximum temperatures in winter, and with higher heatwave intensity in the previous summer. Fine-scale analysis showed that higher mortality in a given week was associated with higher maxima two weeks prior, as well as with lower minima in the current fortnight. Increases in summer heatwaves and in winter maximum temperatures collectively explained 62.6% of the increase in mortality over time. Warming climate in both summer and winter can thus adversely affect survival, with potentially substantial population consequences.</span></p>
Data From: Winter mortality of a passerine bird increases following hotter summers and during winters with higher maximum temperatures
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Raw data for the study titled "Fungal ectoparasites increase winter mortality of ladybird hosts despite limited effects on their immune system"
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Influence of biological and environmental conditions on winter mortality risk of a northern ungulate: evidence for a late-winter survival bottleneck
<p><b>1.</b> A relationship between winter weather and survival of northern ungulates has long been established, yet the possible roles of biological (e.g., nutritional status) and environmental (e.g., weather) conditions make it important to determine which potential limiting factors are most influential.</p> <p><b>2</b>. Our objective was to examine the potential effects of individual (body mass and age) and extrinsic (winter severity and snow melt conditions) factors on the magnitude and timing of mortality for adult (>2.5 years old) female white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus </i>[Zimmerman, 1780] during February–May in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA.</p> <p><b>3</b>. One hundred and fifty deer were captured and monitored during 2009–2015 in two areas with varying snowfall. February–May survival ranged from 0.24–0.89 (mean = 0.69) across years. Mortality risk increased 1.9% with each unit increase of cumulative winter severity index, decreased 8.2% with each cumulative snow free day, and decreased 4.3% with each kg increase in body mass. Age and weekly snow depth did not influence weekly deer survival. Predation, primarily from coyote (<i>Canis latrans </i>[Say, 1823]) and wolves (<i>Canis lupus </i>[L., 1758]), accounted for 78% of known-cause mortalities.</p> <p><b>4</b>. Our results suggest that cumulative winter severity, and possibly to a lesser degree deer condition entering winter, impacted deer winter survival. However, the timing of spring snow melt appeared to be the most influential factor determining late winter mortality of deer in our study. This supports the hypothesis that nutrition and energetic demands from weather conditions are both important to northern ungulate winter ecology. Under this model, a delay of several weeks in the timing of spring snow melt could exert a large influence on deer survival, resulting in a survival bottleneck.</p>
Year-round monitoring at a Pacific coastal campus reveals similar winter and spring collision mortality and high vulnerability of the Varied Thrush
<p>Bird-window collisions are a leading cause of direct anthropogenic avian mortality, yet our state of knowledge regarding this threat relies heavily on eastern North American studies. Seasonal patterns of collision mortality may differ along the Pacific coast, and western North American species remain understudied. We therefore surveyed a stratified random sample of 8 buildings for collisions at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada over 45-day periods during 2 winters, 1 spring, 1 summer and 1 fall season between January 22, 2015 and March 15, 2017. After accounting for the rate of scavenging and efficiency of observers in finding carcasses, we estimated that 360 collision fatalities (95% C.I.: 281 to 486) occurred over 225 days of monitoring. Collision mortality was highest in fall, but in contrast to most published research, collision mortality was intermediate in both winter and spring, and was lowest in summer. In winter 2017, we performed point count surveys to assess whether individual species are disproportionately vulnerable to collisions when accounting for population size, and found that the Varied Thrush (<em>Ixoreus naevius</em>) was 76.9 times more likely to collide with buildings, relative to average species vulnerability in winter. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the Varied Thrush as a species that is disproportionately vulnerable to collisions. Further studies are needed to assess the vulnerability of Western North American species and subspecies and to determine whether similar patterns of seasonal collision mortality are found elsewhere.</p>
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