Equine Immunology Basics
Equine vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens. Killed (inactivated) vaccines require boosters to maintain adequate titers, while modified-live vaccines may provide longer-lasting immunity. The equine immune response varies with age — foals have immature immune systems and rely on maternal antibodies from colostrum for the first 2–3 months. Vaccination timing must account for this passive immunity window to avoid interference. Annual boosters are essential because antibody titers decline over 6–12 months for most equine vaccines.