Equine Hoof Biology
The equine hoof is a keratinized structure that grows continuously at roughly 6–10 mm per month from the coronary band. A complete hoof wall replacement takes 9–12 months. Regular trimming maintains proper hoof-pastern axis alignment, distributes weight evenly across the hoof capsule, and prevents common pathologies like flared walls, underrun heels, and white line disease. Shod horses require slightly shorter intervals because the shoe prevents natural wear while the hoof continues to grow around the nails.