Figure 4 in Cranial mechanics and feeding in Tyrannosaurus rex

Figure 4. Stress in the mobile FE Tyrannosaurus rex skull models generated by vertical biting (left column) or tearing (right column). (a,b,e, f) have a mobile postorbital–jugal suture; (c,d,g,h) have a mobile maxilla–jugal suture. (a) Principal stress 3 [P3], compressive stress; (b) P1 tensile stress; (c) P3 compressive stress; (d) P1 tensile stress; (e) P3 compressive stress; (f) P1 tensile stress; (g) P3 compressive stress; and (h) P1 tensile stress. Divergent arrows indicate orientation of tensile stress trajectories; convergent arrows indicate orientation of compressive stress trajectories. Units are Pa or Nm–2. See electronic Appendices B and C for shear stress and strain plots.