Unique bacterial composition and assembly in a parasitic plant

<p>How plant-associated microbiota are shaped by, and potentially contribute to the unique ecology and heterotrophic life history of parasitic plants is relatively unknown. Here, we investigate the leaf and root bacterial communities associated with the root holoparasite <i>Orobanche hederae</i> and its host plant <i>Hedera</i> spp. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from leaf and root samples of naturally growing populations of <i>Orobanche</i> and infected and uninfected <i>Hedera</i>. Root bacteria inhabiting <i>Orobanche </i>were less diverse, had fewer co-associations, and displayed increased compositional similarity to leaf bacteria relative to <i>Hedera</i>. Overall, <i>Orobanche</i> bacteria exhibited significant congruency with <i>Hedera</i> root bacteria across sites, but not the surrounding soil. Infection had localized and systemic effects on <i>Hedera</i> bacteria, which included effects on the abundance of individual taxa and root network properties. Collectively, our results indicate that the parasitic plant microbiome is derived but distinct from host plant microbiota, exhibits increased homogenization between shoot and root tissues, and displays far fewer co-associations among individual bacterial members. Host plant infection is accompanied by modest changes of associated microbiota at both local and systemic scales compared with uninfected individuals. The results are a first step towards extending the growing insight into the assembly and function of the plant microbiome to include the ecologically unique but often overlooked guild of heterotrophic plants</p>