Figure 3 in Optimizing biodiversity informatics to improve information flow, data quality, and utility for science and society

Figure 3. Examples of ways in which aggregators can make uncertainties and biases visually available to users of Primary Biodiversity Data. Such information can be employed to filter data and to quantify and correct for biases in sampling effort, respectively. (a) Georeferenced localities of a given species are simply plotted in geographic space (black dots; current practice). (b) Those same localities appear using symbologies that provide additional information; a hazy cloud indicates the radius of error for localities holding information regarding uncertainty of the georeference, and localities lacking such data appear only as hollow black circles. (c) Information appears that reflects the results of sampling effort, by showing in gray the georeferenced localities for all species belonging to a more inclusive target group (i.e., all species detected with the same techniques as the species of interest; conventions the same as in b). Note that the right-hand side of the study region lacks records for any species of the target group, suggestive of very low sampling effort there.