The UPLC data of juvenile hormones of various heteropteran species

<p><span>Juvenile hormone (JH) plays important roles in almost every aspect of insect development and reproduction. JHs are a group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids, and their farnesol backbone has been chemically modified to generate a homologous series of hormones in some insect lineages. JH III (epoxidised methyl farnesoate) is the most common JH in insects, but Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and 'higher' Diptera (suborder: Brachycera; flies) have developed their own unique JH. Although JH was first proposed in the hemipteran suborder Heteroptera (true bugs), the chemical identity of the heteropteran JH was only recently determined. Furthermore, recent studies revealed the presence of a novel JH, JH III skipped bisepoxide (JHSB₃), in some heteropterans, but its taxonomic distribution remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated JHSB₃ production in 31 heteropteran species, covering almost all heteropteran lineages, through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We found that all of the focal species produced JHSB₃, indicating that JHSB₃ is wide-spread in heteropteran bugs and the evolutionary occurrence of JHSB₃ ascends to the common ancestor of Heteroptera.</span></p>