FIGURES 1-8. Calindoea trifascialis. 1-7 in Morphology and behaviour of the larva of Calindoea trifascialis (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae), a chemically-defended retreat-building caterpillar from Vietnam

FIGURES 1-8. Calindoea trifascialis. 1-7. Final-instar larvae and retreats. 1. Feeding retreat (tent) on leaf of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus. 2. Larva and feeding damage exposed by opening retreat. Note: accumulated frass (right) and partial cutting of leave surface (arrow). 3. Habitus of final instar larva. Note: apices of forward-directed lateral protuberances with glandular secretions (arrow). 4. Oblique view of mid stage in construction of feeding retreat, caterpillar cutting fifth segment of leaf. Note: silk struts hold the leaf in an elevated position. 5. Repairing an opened retreat. 6. Comparison of feeding retreat (right) and pupation retreat (left). Note: exit hole in feeding retreat (arrow). 7. Posterior view of nearly completed pupation retreat, the bottom is not completely sealed. Note: Silken struts. 8. Newly emerged adult.