MiL-FISH: Multi-labelled oligonucleotides for fluorescence in situ hybridisation improve visualization of bacterial cells

<p>Comparison of mono-, MiL- and CARD-FISH on LR-White embedded <em>Olavius algarvensis</em> cross sections A: Ethanol preserved specimen, cu = cuticle, sym = symbionts, sep = septum, epi = epidermis, mu = muscle, vbv = ventral blood vessel &amp; nerve chord, chl = chloragogen tissue, grid square = example of region shown in images B, C, D and E.</p> <p>Probes for Gammaproteobacteria (Gam42a; green) and a subgroup of sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria (DSS658; red) on B) mono-FISH on ethanol preserved specimen, 19 hour hybridisation. C) mono-FISH on ethanol preserved specimen, 3 hour hybridisation and D) CARD-FISH on Carnoy&rsquo;s / PFA fixed specimen, 3-hour hybridisation. E) MiL-FISH on Carnoy&rsquo;s / PFA fixed specimen, 3 hour hybridisation. Scale bar = 5 &micro;m.</p>