FIGURE 18 in The Australoheros (Teleostei: Cichlidae) species of the Uruguay and Paraná River drainages

FIGURE 18. Relationships among species of Australoheros (see Říċan and Kullander, 2006) with optimization of the number of abdominal bars. Drawings show juveniles with developing abdominal bars. A. Maximum parsimony topology, where state 1 is a synapomorphy of Australoheros, shown as the division of the abdominal bar in front of the midlateral blotch to produce two adult bars. The three abdominal bars in the A. kaaygua – A. charrua – A. scitulus group are optimized as a character reversal, and these three species do show only three abdominal bars also in juvenile stages (character state 0, indistinguishable from the ancestral condition). B. Enforced topology produced by forcing the morphological data set to produce a tree in agreement with the cytb tree of Říċan and Kullander (2006). C. Photos show adult specimens demonstrating character states 2–4, describing the variation in the character (partial tree dissected from the unconstrained MP topology in Fig. 198). 13–2 A. minuano, 13–3 A. facetus, 13–4 A. cf. facetus.