FIGURE 11 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 11. Timetree of nobleobatrachian frogs represented by selected genera and estimated with a Bayesian analysis of sequences from 9 genes, based on a topology obtained from the ML analysis of 17 genes (Figure 8). Numbers on nodes refer to time estimates and credibility intervals of time estimates (Table 2); those in bold are nodes discussed in the text. Illustrations portray the major reproductive modes of the genera and families, with most direct-developing species (i.e., no aquatic larvae) contained in Terrarana (Ceuthomantidae and four other families) that nearly always lay eggs on substrate, and Hemiphractidae that carry their eggs on their backs. Nearly all other nobleobatrachians have aquatic larvae (e.g., tadpoles).