FIGURE 3 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 3. Hypothetical phylogeny of Verdanus rosaurus-bensoni-limbatellus group. Synapomorphic characters: 5 = presence of subapical lateral processes of aedeagus; 8 = ovipositor-base protruding anteriorly; 11 = broad shaft of aedeagus; 12 = spur-shaped subapical lateral processes of aedeagus; 13 = margin of apical aedeagus appendages angular; 14 = aedeagus shaft widening from basis to apex; 15 = apical aedeagus appendages in caudal direction; 16 = apical aedeagus appendages oriented perpendicularly to sagittal plane; 17 = subapical lateral aedeagus processes shifted in median position; 18 = apical aedeagus appendages narrow, dagger-shaped.