FIGURE 4. A in Host plants of Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Japan include Rhododendron (Ericaceae)

FIGURE 4. A hypothesis of phylogeny of Empria (a simplified tree from Prous et al. 2011a) and host plants. See Table 1 for references for host records. Additional references: a, Prous et al. (2011b); b, Prous (unpublished); c, Brischke (1883); d, Kontuniemi (1951); e, Heidemaa & Prous (2006); f, Conde (1937); g, Pieronek (1980), Chevin (2004). *Empria multicolor, closely related to E. candidata, feeds on Betula and Alnus (Smith 1979). Inferred shifts of the host plants: A, from Betulaceae to Rosaceae, B, from Rosaceae to Ericaceae, and C, from Rosaceae to Betulaceae and Salicaceae.