Figure 4 in Adaptive Radiation in Socially Advanced Stem-Group Ants from the Cretaceous

Figure 4. PCA Plot of Exemplar Living and Cretaceous Ant Workers and Assemblage of Mouthpart Diversity in Cretaceous Stem-Group Ants Top: generated by PCA analysis (PC1 96% and PC2 3% of variance) of four body proportions of 107 living species in 96 genera and 19 Cretaceous species in five genera. For data and analyses see Supplemental Information. Gray and black lines circumscribe living and Cretaceous morphospace, respectively. Body shapes and sizes of six living and extinct exemplar species are presented to same scale, with the exception of the minute ants Carebara and Zigrasimecia (which are greatly enlarged). Bottom: a summary of diversity and homology among Cretaceous stem-group ant mouthparts. Note that not all structures are preserved in known specimens of Sphecomyrma freyi, S. mesaki, and Myanmyrma gracilis, and, therefore, some components are missing. See also Figures S2 and S3.