FIGURE 10 in The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice

FIGURE 10. Individual, intraspecific and interspecific call trait variation in Leptodactylus spp. exemplified by the trait call duration. (A) Individual variation in call duration during one night in individual A (one nightly calling activity phase of ca. 1 hrs of calling; N = 4,401 calls; 18 November 2014; 29.1 to 29.4 °C); (B) Intraspecific variation: comparison of call durations of three individuals during each one night of calling (individual A: see above; individual B: n = 22,472 calls, ca. 5:20 hrs of calling, 27 November 2014, 23.0 to 23.4 °C; individual C: n = 15,561, 2:50 hrs of calling, 14 November 2014, 22.7 to 23.4 °C); (C) Interspecific variation: comparison of Kernel density estimates of call durations of three sympatric species (L. syphax: same three individuals as above, n = 38,434 calls; L. mystacinus: one individual, ca. 3:20 hrs of calling, n = 49,573, 24 January 2012, 25.1 to 25.9 °C; L. vastus, one individual, ca. 1:10 hrs of calling, n = 3,649 calls, 16 November 2014, 25.2 to 26.4 °C). All recordings were done at the Research Station 'Chiquitos', Bolivia, with Song Meters SM2 (Wildlife Acoustics) respectively Olympus DM-550 recorders (sampling frequency 22.05 kHz; 16-bit resolution), and afterwards analyzed with software Raven Pro, version 1.4 (Bioacoustics Research Program 2011) using implemented amplitude detectors; statistics were done with R; only calls with high amplitude were considered (i.e., less intense 'initial calls' of a series were excluded; M. Jansen, unpublished data).