Fig. 4 in A phylogenetic analyis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromoprh subfamilies

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree for the subfamilies of Formicidae after Brown (unpublished; circa 1986). Note the depiction of Ponerinae as comprising a paraphyletic subfamily, the sister-group relationship between Ectatommini and Myrmicinae, and the position of both Leptanillinae and Dorylinae (= dorylomorphs). This diagram was found by the author in a drawer of what used to be Brown's laboratory at Comstock Hall, Cornell University, in 1999. I thank Norman F. Johnson for helping date the plate.