Relationship between the autonomic nervous system and cerebral autoregulation during controlled breathing

<h2>Version 3 of the database</h2> <p>The updated version of the database includes autonomic nervous system data (HRV metrics) estimated using the ECG signal.</p> <p>The previous versions of the database included data estimated from non-invasive, photoplethysmography-based ABP signals.</p> <h1>Funding</h1> <p>SONATA 18 UMO-2022/47/D/ST7/00229 National Science Centre, Poland (database 2)</p> <p>SONATA-BIS UMO-2013/10/E/ST7/00117 National Science Centre, Poland (database1)</p> <h1>General information</h1> <p>Two datasets were used in this study.</p> <p>The dataset 1 includes <strong>49 healthy volunteer</strong>s (28 females, 21 males, median age: 23 years, range: 18-31 years) who were measured at the Neuroengineering Laboratory at Wroclaw University of Science and Technology (WUST) between October 2014 and June 2015 (Biomedical Committee Agreement number: KB-170/2014).</p> <p>The dataset&nbsp; 2 includes <strong>12 healthy volunteers</strong> (8 females, 4 males, median age: 25 years, range: 20-26 years) who were prospectively measured at WUST between October 2023 and January 2024 (Biomedical Committee Agreement number: KB-179/2023/N).</p> <h1>Signal recordings description</h1> <ul> <li>ABP was measured non-invasively by a servo-controlled plethysmograph (Finometer MIDI, FMS Medical Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands in dataset 1 and Finapres Nova, FMS Medical Systems in dataset 2). The cuff was placed on the middle finger of the left hand and held at the level of the heart.</li> <li>A three-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) was used to record the heart's electrical activity</li> <li>CBv was measured in the MCA using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (Doppler BoxX, DWL, Compumedics Germany GmbH, Singen, Germany in database 1; EMS-9PB, Delica, Shenzhen, China in database 2).</li> <li>Expired end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and respiratory rate (RR) were measured via a nasal cannula using a portable capnography monitor (RespSense&trade;, NONIN, Plymouth, USA)</li> <li><strong>Protocol:</strong> After a resting epoch lasting at least 5 minutes (baseline, referred to in the aliases as "B"), a controlled breathing session was initiated. Five-minute recordings were collected at each of the following respiratory rates: 6, 10, or 15 breaths per minute (corresponding to 0.1 Hz, 0.17 Hz, and 0.25 Hz, respectively), guided by a digital metronome (referred to in aliases as "6", "10", "15")</li> </ul> <h1>Data description</h1> <ul> <li>ID</li> <li>Type of database (database 1/database 2)</li> <li>Type of device used for ABP measurement (ECG was measured in the same way in both databases, using a built-in module, attached to photoplethysmography)</li> <li>Metadata including: sex (male M, female F), and age</li> <li>Physiological parameters measured during controlled breathing, including:</li> <ul> <li>end-tidal carbon dioxide: ETCO2</li> <li>Respiratory rate: RR</li> <li>Carbon dioxide concentration: CO2</li> <li>Heart rate: HR</li> <li>Arterial blood pressure: ABP</li> <li>Cerebral blood flow velocity: CBv</li> </ul> <li>Autonomic Nervous System metrics, including:</li> <ul> <li>joint symbolic dynamics, estimated as the relative frequency of baroreflex-like word types (JSD_sym) and the relative frequency of patterns that are opposed to baroreflex behaviour (JSD_diam) (Baumert et al., 2015)</li> <li>entropy metrics: MSEn, multiscale entropy; ApEn, approximate entropy; SampEn, sample entropy, FuzzyEn, fuzzy entropy</li> <li>frequency-domain metrics: LFn, HFn, normalized power spectral density of the R-R interval time series in the low-frequency range (LF, 0.04&ndash;0.15 Hz) and the high-frequency range (HF, 0.15&ndash;0.40 Hz), obtained by dividing the respective power spectra by a total power (TP, 0.04&ndash;0.40 Hz); LF/HF; low-to-high frequency ratio;&nbsp;</li> <li>Baroreflex sensitivity estimated using cross-correlation method (xBRS)&nbsp;</li> <li>time-domain metrics: SDNN, standard deviation of the R-R intervals; &nbsp;RMSSD, square root of the mean of the squared successive differences between adjacent R-R intervals; meanNN, mean intervals between normal R-peaks, pNN20 and pNN50, proportion of R-R intervals greater than 20 ms or 50 ms, respectively;</li> </ul> <li>Cerebral autoregulation metrics, including TFA metrics &nbsp;were provided for two frequency ranges: VLF, very low frequency (0.02&ndash;0.07 Hz), BF, breathing frequency (determined for each of the participants for spontaneous breathing and 0.10; 0.17; 0.25 Hz&plusmn;0.02 Hz for controlled breathing);&nbsp;</li> <ul> <li>coherence,</li> <li>phase shift (PS)</li> <li>gain</li> </ul> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>