Figure 2 in Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)

Figure 2. Biogeography and nesting preference of the Crematogaster scutellaris group. Time-calibrated phylogeny estimated with mcmctree and codeml in PAMLv.4.9. The analysis is based on the 90% completeness matrix after application of spruceup trimming with a cut-off of 0.98 (90%-0.98-spruceup), and the best maximum likelihood tree resulting from SWSC-EN partitioning of this matrix. This matrix and tree was pruned to a reduced dataset of 34 taxa for dating analysis. Node numbers refer to Table 1, where median ages and 95% highest posterior densities (HPD) are given. Biogeographic range reconstructions with BioGeoBEARS v.1.1.2 are mapped on this chronogram as E = eastern US and north-east Mexico (orange), W = western US and north-west Mexico (dark blue), C = the Caribbean (grey), M = southern Mexico to Honduras (red), EW = combined E and W distributions (light blue), EM = combined E and M distributions (purple), EC = combined E and C distributions (dark green), WM = combined W and M distributions (peach). Respective probabilities for ancestral ranges are given in Table 1. Ancestral states for nesting preference, estimated with the R package corHMM v.2.5, are further mapped on the phylogeny; pie colours are: light green = arboreal; brown = ground-dwelling.