Figure 19. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach

Figure 19. A, origins of m. transversospinalis capitis (C2–C9), m. complexus (C2–C5) and m. splenius capitis from C2 and possibly C3, of Tyrannosaurus rex (BHI 3033). B, rugose scarring of m. transversospinalis capitis insertion on parietals of Tyrannosaurus rex (AMNH 5029). C, insertion of m. transversospinalis capitis onto parietals of Daspletosaurus torosus (CMN 8506; the specimen is incomplete and the image partly mirrored), with moment arms for lateral and dorsiflexion. D, insertions and moment arms for m. complexus (two dorsal) and m. iliocostalis capitis (ventral) on occiput of Daspletosaurus torosus (CMN 8506; the specimen is incomplete and the image partly mirrored for clarity).