Data from: Conservation genetics of Notelaea lloydii (Oleaceae) in south-eastern Queensland, Australia

<p>Habitat fragmentation can increase the chance of population bottlenecks and inbreeding, and may ultimately lead to reduced fitness and local extinction. <em>Notelaea lloydii</em> is a native olive species endemic to Australia and listed as vulnerable due to its restricted distribution.  A recent molecular systematics study has revealed there might be some geographic structuring among the <em>N. lloydii</em> populations. Therefore, we undertook a genome wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis to determine levels and patterns of genetic diversity, inbreeding and gene flow within and among <em>N. lloydii</em> populations in south-eastern Queensland (SE-QLD). Furthermore, as the reproductive phase of a plant's life history has a profound influence on genetic diversity, life history reproductive traits were also studied. Our SNP analysis revealed low genetic diversity, inbreeding and significant genetic structuring even among proximate populations. Results of a flower and fruit bagging experiment in two consecutive seasons revealed that <em>N. lloydii </em>produced many flowers but only a few fruits survived to maturity. There were no differences in bagged and un-bagged flowering and fruiting rates and therefore, we conclude that the high fruit abortion rate was probably due to inbreeding depression and/or suboptimal conditions, rather than pollinator availability and insect attack. Overall, results of this study indicate that the populations of <em>N. lloydii</em> are small, inbred and genetically isolated and represent unique management units that require local conservation management due to ongoing threats associated with urbanisation.</p>