Fig. 1 in Characterized constituents of insect herbivore oral secretions and their influence on the regulation of plant defenses

Fig. 1. Schematic presentation of identified bioactive molecules from the oral secretion/mouthpart of insects. Active molecules were characterized as inducer or suppressor of plant defense. Fatty acid amino acid conjugates (FACs) elicit volatile emission and isoflavonid synthesis. Proteinaceous elicitors induces Jasmonic acid (JA) and Salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and signaling leading to induce plant defense by protease inhibitors synthesis and release of volatiles. The Glucose Oxidase (GOX) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) through hydrogen peroxide H2O2. Proteinaceous effectors either suppress the hydrogen peroxide H2O2, JA/SA biosynthesis and signaling or the interaction of transcription factors (WRKY) with kinases.