Figure 5 in Multivariate analysis of neognath skeletal measurements: implications for body mass estimation in Mesozoic birds

Figure 5. Box plots with whiskers showing the variation among locomotion modes of percentage prediction errors (%PE) for the multiple regression analysis (MR; grey) and the single regression analysis (SR; white) equations adjusted in modern birds. Box length shows the interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles). The horizontal line within boxes indicates the median. Vertical lines show the 5–95% confidence limits. Points indicate values outside these limits (i.e. outliers). Black horizontal lines between the grey and white boxes show the %PE estimates obtained with the equation based on humeral length (HL), the osteological variable less affected by ecological groupings (as shown by its lower F-statistic values; see Tables 6 and 7). %PE values greater than zero indicate an underestimation and %PE values lower than zero indicate an overestimation. A, %PE variation with respect to groups of aerial locomotion. Abbreviations: CF, continuous flapping; FG, flapping and gliding; FB, flapping and bounding; S, soaring. B, %PE variation with respect to groups of non-aerial locomotion. Abbreviations: A, aquatic; TG, terrestrial ground-dwelling; TN, terrestrial non-ground-dwelling; ATG, aquatic and grounddwelling; TGN, perching and ground-dwelling.