Visualization of BBOB functions

<p>Recovering of the landscapes of selected functions from the black-box optimization benchmark (BBOB).<br>We used f17-f24 for demonstrations here, which exhibit high level of multimodality and are more complicated (we also show f1, which is a unimodal one for illustration of easier ones).<br>The task tested is to recover the landscape of each of these 2d functions. We first draw grid samples from the search space (40*40), and then create fitness landscapes based on Euclidean distance with a neighborhood distance threshold of 0.5.&nbsp;<br>We then visualize the landscape using our proposed method, and compares it to the groundtruth function surface.&nbsp;</p>