Chromosome-scale genome assembly and de novo annotation of Alopecurus aequalis.

<p><em>Alopecurus aequalis</em> is a winter annual or short-lived perennial bunchgrass which has in recent years emerged as the dominant agricultural weed of barley and wheat in certain regions of China and Japan, causing significant yield losses. Its robust tillering capacity and high fecundity, combined with the development of both target and non-target-site resistance to herbicides means it is a formidable challenge to food security. Here we report on a chromosome-scale assembly of <em>A. aequalis</em> with a genome size of 2.83 Gb. The genome contained 33,758 high-confidence protein-coding genes with functional annotation. Comparative genomics revealed that the genome structure of <em>A. aequalis</em> is more similar to <em>Hordeum vulgare </em>rather than the more closely related <em>Alopecurus myosuroides</em>. The datasets provided here are the assembly FASTA file (lpAloAequ1.1.prim.cur.20230912.fasta.gz), the high-confidence protein-coding genes (Alaeq_EIv0.2.release_HC_genes.gff3.gz) and the full annotation which includes both low and high confidence features of all biotypes (Alaeq_EIv0.2.release.gff3.gz)&nbsp;</p>