Supplementary material: Reflected Encounters at Hunter-Gatherer Rock Art Sites by the Water

<p>This audiovisual material brings to life the soundscape of prehistoric rock art sites in Finland, mainly from around 5,000 years ago. The painted cliffs rising directly from the lakes respond to human-made sounds with echoes. Rock art sites with images of animals, humans, boats, and even drummers are believed to have been ritual sites for prehistoric hunter-fisher-gatherers.&nbsp;</p> <p>The digital recreations were made in collaboration between musicologists, cognitive scientists, archaeologists and artists, using in situ impulse response recordings, dry studio recordings, terrestrial and aerial laser scans, spherical photography and convolution reverb and virtual reality techniques. The work was part of the Academy of Finland funded project &rdquo;Acoustics and auditory culture at hunter-gatherer rock art sites in Northern Europe, Siberia and North America&rdquo; (2018&ndash;2023) at the University of Helsinki.</p> <p>Sound design: Perttu Kes&auml;niemi, Paavo Rinkkala, Mikko Ojanen, Jaska Uimonen<br>Video design: Paavo Rinkkala&nbsp;<br>Vocal improvisation &amp; wooden percussion plaque: Taina Saarikivi<br>Vocal improvisation: Emmi Kujanp&auml;&auml;<br>Drumming: Mikko Heikinpoika&nbsp;<br>Linguistic reconstruction: Janne Saarikivi<br>Impulse response recording: Riitta Rainio, Julia Shpinitskaya, Lauri Tanskanen, Kai Lassfolk<br>Ambient sound recording: Riitta Rainio, YleArkisto<br>Photography: Julia Shpinitskaya, Riitta Rainio, Kai Lassfolk<br>Studio recording: Perttu Kes&auml;niemi, Petteri Falck, Vilja Haapala, Heta Eronen, Tuulikki Toppari, Mikko Ojanen, Paavo Rinkkala, Riitta Rainio<br>Studio: University of Helsinki Music Research Laboratory &amp; Electronic Music Studio<br>Studio software: Logic Pro X Space Designer<br>Virtual reality reconstruction: Paavo Rinkkala, Jami Pekkanen&nbsp;<br>Rendering software: Unreal Engine 5.1&nbsp;<br>LiDAR scanning: Jari Okkonen&nbsp;<br>Drum &amp; drumstick model: Paavo Rinkkala<br>Mesolithic canoe model: Carolien Bijvoet&nbsp;<br>Night sky: NASA Deep Star Maps 2020&nbsp;<br>Foliage: Nature Package by SilverTm&nbsp;<br>Rock painting details: Ismo Luukkonen 2021</p> <p>Supplementary material to the article:&nbsp;<br>Rainio, R., Shpinitskaya, J., Rinkkala, P., Pekkanen, J., Kes&auml;niemi, P. &amp; Ojanen, M. 2024. Reflected Encounters at Hunter-Gatherer Rock Art Sites by the Water. <em>Sound Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20551940.2024.2419293" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1080/20551940.2024.2419293</a></p> <p>The material is also available for streaming/embedding via: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv5RHkY9FT3J-abz-NxFPPkSttVtAD_cC" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLv5RHkY9FT3J-abz-NxFPPkSttVtAD_cC</a></p> <h2>Sound sample 1:&nbsp; Fisherman&rsquo;s spell</h2> <p>This sound sample simulates what talking or incanting would have sounded like at the Keltavuori rock art site in Lappeenranta, about 2,500 years ago. The fisherman recites an incantation in front of the painted lakeshore cliff, 44 m away from the paintings. The lyrics in early Proto-S&aacute;mi are based on linguistic and cultural reconstruction, but are fully fictional. According to linguists, early Proto-S&aacute;mi could hypothetically have been spoken in Southeastern Finland around 500 BC, when the rock art sites were still being visited. However, the people who originally made the images of animals, humans and boats, probably spoke a completely different language.</p> <h2>Sound sample 2: Hammer vibrato at Vaskivuori</h2> <p>This sound sample simulates what singing would have sounded like at the Vaskivuori rock art site in Luum&auml;ki. The singer produces sounds with hammer vibrato technique in front of the painted lakeshore cliff, 44 m away from the paintings.</p> <h2>Sound sample 3: Nasal sounds at Haukkasaari</h2> <p>This sound sample simulates what singing would have sounded like at the Haukkasaari rock art site in Lemi. The singer produces nasal sounds in front of the painted lakeshore cliff, 29 m away from the paintings.</p> <h2>Sound sample 4: Cattle call at Olhavanvuori</h2> <p>This sound sample simulates what singing would have sounded like at the Olhavanvuori rock art site in Kouvola, Finland. The singer performs a traditional Scandinavian-style cattle call in front of the painted lakeshore cliff, 29 m away from the paintings.</p> <h2>Sound sample 5: Viena Karelian <em>Yoik</em> at Kalamaniemi</h2> <p>This sound sample simulates what chanting would have sounded like at the Kalamaniemi rock art site in Luum&auml;ki. The chanter performs a traditional Viena Karelian style <em>yoik</em> in front of the painted lakeshore cliff, 44 m away from the paintings.</p> <h2>Sound sample 6: Throat vibrato at Keltavuori</h2> <p>This sound sample simulates what singing would have sounded like at the Keltavuori rock art site in Lappeenranta. The singer produces sounds with throat vibrato technique in front of the painted lakeshore cliff, 24 m away from the paintings.</p> <h2>Video1 : Drumming in the Evening</h2> <p>This video recreates a drumming performance at the Sili&auml;vuori rock art site in Luum&auml;ki. The performer beats the drum in front of the painted lakeshore cliff, 26 m away from the paintings.</p> <h2>Video 2: Echoes at Sili&auml;vuori in Three Stages</h2> <p>This video recreates a chanting performance at the Sili&auml;vuori rock art site in Luum&auml;ki. At first, the chant is heard as recorded in the studio, without the acoustics of the place. Next, the painted rock cliff rising directly from the lake responds to the song with an echo. Eventually, the echoes from the whole environment are heard joining in.</p> <h2>Video 3: Singing in the Evening</h2> <p>This video brings to life a chanting performance at the Sili&auml;vuori rock art site in Luum&auml;ki. The chanter performs a traditional Viena Karelian style <em>yoik</em> in front of the painted lakeshore cliff, 26 m away from the paintings.</p> <h2>Video 4: Rock painting scenery at Sili&auml;vuori</h2> <p>This video takes a short tour of the digital recreation of the Sili&auml;vuori rock art site in Luum&auml;ki.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>