Supplemental Material: High serological barriers may contribute to restricted Influenza-A-virus transmission between pigs and humans

<p>Human-to-swine (reverse zoonotic) transmission of seasonal and pandemic human influenza A viruses (IAV) to pigs primarily replenishes the vast reservoir of genetically and antigenically heterogeneous swine (sw) IAV maintained in domestic pigs worldwide. Sporadic but regularly observed cases of pig-to-human (zoonotic) infections with swIAV tend to be discovered by chance, with children being affected disproportionately often.</p> <p>Here, a total of 3070 porcine and 333 human nasal swab samples from 135 swine farms in Germany were investigated for IAV by real time RT-PCR and full genome sequencing. In addition, swIAV sequences generated in the frame of this study were analyzed to determine potential mutations for human MxA and BTN3A3 escape.&nbsp;</p> <div> <p><strong>01_Table S1: </strong>Summary of information of swine holdings and RT-qPCR results. 1 indicates applicable; 0 indicates not applicable; n.d. indicates not determined.</p> <p><strong>02_Table S2</strong>: Summary of information about human samples and. 1 indicates applicable; 0 indicates not applicable; n.d. indicates not determined.</p> <p><strong>03_Table S3: A.</strong> Comparison of relevant mutations in the genome of MWP/21, swine-MWP/21, and NRW/22 generated by Flusurver (http://flusurver.bii.a-star.edu.sg). 1 indicates the presence of mutation(s), 0 indicates the absence of those mutation(s).<strong> B.</strong> Visualization of the AA differences of affected segments of the zoonotic case MWP/21 and the corresponding sequence (sw-MWP/21) generated from pigs of the related herd.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>04_Table S4: </strong>Accession number (EPI_ISL) of sequences analyzed in the frame of this study. All sequences are available on GISAID EpiFLU.</p> <p><strong>05_Table S5: </strong>Amino acids on positions in the nucleoprotein (NP) sequence associated with MxA resistance and BTN3A3 resistance of selected swIAV NP sequences. "av) indicates genome segments phylogenetically associated with the avian-derived H1 (1C), "pdm" indicates those of the human pandemic A/H1N1 2009 lineage (1A).&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>06_Figure S1:&nbsp; </strong>Phylogenic tree of swIAV H1 HA gene of the clades 1A, 1B and 1C annotated by global H1-lineage nomenclature by Anderson et al. (2016). Swine derived swIAV sequences generated in the frame of this study are colored in red, zoonotic cases MWP/21 and NRW/22 are colored in green.&nbsp; The reverse-zoonotic case is highlighted in violet with its closest related human sequence colored in green.<strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>07_Material and Methods:</strong> Description of material used and specification of applied methods in the frame of this study.</p> <p><strong>08_Questinonaire human participants:</strong> Questionaire used in the frame of this study.</p> <p><strong>09_Questinonaire swine farms:</strong> Questionaire used in the frame of this study.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>