Supplementary material S19: The growth and decay rate of the Varroa jolting pulse.

<p>The growth and decay of the <em>Varroa </em>jolting pulse on each of the three substrates. Panel &lsquo;a&rsquo; showcases the loudest jolting pulse waveform registered on honeycomb, and panel &lsquo;b&rsquo; showcases the loudest jolting pulse waveform registered on petri-dish, both of which demonstrate an exponential growth and decay that is highlighted within the red envelope. The growth rate and decay constant were estimated visually (honeycomb growth rate = 0.05ms, honeycomb decay constant = 0.1ms, petri-dish growth rate = 0.09ms, petri-dish decay constant = 1.2ms). The growth rate is the only element of the waveform that is caused by the animal, the decay constant on both the honeycomb and petri-dish are likely the result of the response of the substrate. The brood-comb <em>Varroa </em>jolting pulse seen in panel &lsquo;c&rsquo; is the result of the averaged accelerometer waveform for the 40 jolting pulses deemed to be loudest, and are shown in panel &lsquo;d&rsquo; to have an envelope following a gaussian function. All peaks in the vibrational trace were forced to become positive values to demonstrate the gaussian function. The negligible exponential decay can be seen, beginning at approximately 3.9ms.</p>