Figure 14 in Rediscovery and description of Paramormyrops sphekodes (Sauvage, 1879) and a new cryptic Paramormyrops (Mormyridae: Osteoglossiformes) from the Ogooué River of Gabon using morphometrics, DNA sequencing and electrophysiology

Figure 14. Electric organ discharges (EODs) from P. ntotom sp. nov. EOD waveforms plot voltage versus time. Voltage is normalized by setting the peak-to-peak voltage to 1.0 V. The time base is in (C). (A) EOD of holotype, CUMV 98138 tag number JPS-1189, male, SL 178 mm. The first peak, P1, is head-positive and the second, P2, is head-negative. Overall duration is 5.813 ms, measured between the two red dots. The 20× expanded trace (black) indicates the absence of a head-negative phase preceding P1. Abbreviations are as in Figure 10. (B) Time derivative of EOD shown in (A), indicating two points where dV/dt goes through a local maximum leading to inflection points in the EOD (dashed lines). (C) Superimposed EODs from 18 males (blue) and 13 females and juveniles (red) show a clear sex difference in EOD duration. (D) Power spectrum of the EOD of holotype, with magnitude measured in dB relative to the peak power plotted against frequency in Hz. Frequency at peak power indicated by F max. The frequencies where the magnitude of the power spectrum drops 3 dB below the peak power are indicated by Flow and Fhi. (E) Superimposed power spectra of traces shown in (C) demonstrate that spectral power emphasizes higher frequencies among females compared to males, as expected.