Warming decreases host survival with multiple parasitoids, but parasitoid performance also decreases

<p>README</p> <p>##############<br> ## DATASETS ##<br> ##############</p> <p>### data_FR.csv ###&nbsp;<br> Daily recording of emerges from Experiment 1</p> <p>- Vial.ID: unique name for each experimental vial&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - Heggs: aimed initial host density per vial (5, 10,15, 25, 50 or 100)<br> - Block: from 1 to 8 (same as replicate)<br> - T: temperature treatment (23&deg;C or 27&deg;C)<br> - Hsp: host species (BIR = D. birchii, PAL = D. pallidifrons, SIM = D. simulans)<br> - Psp: parasitoid species (C = controls, A = Asobara sp., L = Leptopilina sp., G = Ganaspis sp.)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 8)<br> - H_P: H = host and P = parasitoid<br> - sp: species name (abbreviations: Asb = Asobara sp., Lept = Leptopilina sp., Gana = Ganaspis sp., BIR = D. birchii, PAL = D. pallidifrons, SIM = D. simulans)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - sex: M = male and F = female (for parasitoids only, NA for hosts)<br> - column 6 to 46: number of emerges from day 6 to day 46 from the start of the experiment (when eggs were placed in vials) -&gt; emerges where checked daily</p> <p>### data_C.BM.csv ###&nbsp;<br> Measurements of host body mass in controls from Experiment 1</p> <p>- Vial.ID: unique name for each experimental vial&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - Heggs: initial host density (here 50 only)<br> - Block: from 1 to 8 (same as replicate)<br> - T: temperature treatment (23&deg;C or 27&deg;C)<br> - Hsp: host species (BIR = D. birchii, PAL = D. pallidifrons, SIM = D. simulans)<br> - Psp: parasitoid species (C = controls: no parasitoids)<br> - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 8)<br> - H_P: H = host<br> - column 1 to 10: individual host body mass (in &micro;g): 10 host were weighted per vial when possible<br> - BM: mean host body mass from this vial (in &micro;g)<br> - BM_N: number of hosts weighted from this vial</p> <p>### data_FR.P.BM.csv ###&nbsp;<br> Measurements of parasitoid body mass from Experiment 1</p> <p>- Vial.ID: unique name for each experimental vial&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - Heggs: initial host density (here 50 only)<br> - Block: from 1 to 8 (same as replicate)<br> - T: temperature treatment (23&deg;C or 27&deg;C)<br> - Hsp: host species (BIR = D. birchii, PAL = D. pallidifrons, SIM = D. simulans)<br> - Psp: parasitoid species (Asb = Asobara sp., Lept = Leptopilina sp., Gana = Ganaspis sp.)<br> - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 8)<br> - H_P: P = parasitoid<br> - column 1 to 10: individual parasitoid body mass (in &micro;g): 10 parasitoids were weighted per vial when possible<br> - BM: mean parasitoid body mass from this vial (in &micro;g)<br> - BM_N: number of parasitoids weighted from this vial</p> <p>### data_MPEexp2.csv ###&nbsp;<br> Daily recording of emerges from Experiment 2</p> <p>- Vial.ID: unique name for each experimental vial&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - Heggs: initial host density (here 50 only)<br> - Block: from 1 to 2<br> - T: temperature treatment (23&deg;C or 27&deg;C)<br> - Hsp: host species (here only D. simulans)<br> - Treat: H1P1 = one host and one parasitoid species, H1P2 = one host and 2 parasitoid species (always two parasitoid individuals)<br> - Pcomb: parasitoid assemblage (abbreviations: A = Asobara sp., L = Leptopilina sp., G = Ganaspis sp.)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 8)<br> - H_P: H = host and P = parasitoid<br> - sp: species name (abbreviations: Asb = Asobara sp., Lept = Leptopilina sp., Gana = Ganaspis sp., SIM = D. simulans)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - sex: M = male and F = female<br> - column 7 to 40: number of emerges from day 7 to day 40 from the start of the experiment (when eggs were placed in vials) -&gt; emerges where checked daily</p> <p>### data_MPEexp3.csv ###&nbsp;<br> Data from dissections from Experiment 3</p> <p>- T: temperature treatment (23&deg;C or 27&deg;C)<br> - Pcomb: parasitoid assemblage (abbreviations: A: Asobara sp., and G: Ganaspis sp.)&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<br> - Block: from 1 to 2 (different than Experiment 1 and 2)<br> - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 12)<br> - Observer: name of the observer<br> - Dissection: time of dissection (early or late)<br> - Day_infection: number of days between initialization of the vial and the dissection<br> - H_number: larvae ID from the vial (from 1 to 10 for each vial)<br> - Larvae_pupae: if the host dissected was at the larval or pupal stage (we aimed to dissected larvae but it was not always possible)<br> - ASB_egg: number of Asobara sp. eggs<br> - ASB_larvae: number of Asobara sp. larvae<br> - ASB_melanized: number of Asobara sp. melanized eggs<br> - GANA_egg: number of Ganaspis sp. eggs<br> - GANA_larvae: number of Ganaspis sp. larvae<br> - GANA_melanized: &nbsp;number of Ganaspis sp. melanized eggs<br> - NA_melanized: &nbsp;number of melanized eggs not identified to species level<br> - Melanization_trace: if presence (y) or not (na) of other trace of melanization<br> - Melanization_eggs: presence (y) or not (n) of melanized eggs<br> - P_larvae: total number of parasitoid larvae<br> - P_eggs: total number of parasitoid eggs<br> - TOT_ASB: total number of Asobara sp.<br> - TOT_GANA: total number of Ganaspis sp.<br> - TOT_P: total number of parasitoids<br> - TOT_Melanized: total number of melanized eggs&nbsp;<br> - Melanization: presence (y) or not (n) of melanization (either melanized eggs or trace of melanization)<br> - Super_ASB: presence (y) or not (n) of multiple Asobara sp.<br> - Super_GANA: presence (y) or not (n) of multiple Ganaspis sp.<br> - Superparasitism: presence (y) or not (n) of superparasitism<br> - Multiparasitism: presence (y) or not (n) of multiparasitism<br> - Sup_Mult: presence (y) or not (n) of either super- or multiparasitism<br> - ASB: presence (y) or not (n) of Asobara sp.<br> - GANA: presence (y) or not (n) of Ganaspis sp.<br> - Parasitized: presence (y) or not (n) of parasitism</p> <p><br> ###############<br> ## R scripts ##<br> ###############</p> <p>### MPE0_data-cleaning.R ###&nbsp;<br> R script to import, clean and modify the datasets<br> --&gt; save the data needed for analyses in &quot;MPE_data.RData&quot;</p> <p>### MPE1_FRfit.R ###<br> R script to fit parasitoid functional responses<br> --&gt; save the results in &quot;data.FRfitSIM.csv&quot;<br> --&gt; save the data needed for analyses in &quot;MPE_data_FR.RData&quot;</p> <p>### MPE2_analyses1.R ###&nbsp;<br> R script to analyze data from Experiment 2&nbsp;<br> using the method proposed in McCoy et al. (2012). Emergent effects of multiple predators on prey survival: the importance of depletion and the functional response. Ecology letters, 15(12), 1449-1456.</p> <p>### MPE3_analyses2_exp2.R ###&nbsp;<br> R script to analyze data from Experiment 2</p> <p>### MPE4_analyses3_exp3.R ###&nbsp;<br> R script to analyze data from Experiment 3</p>