Figure 3 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 3. Oscillograms (upper panels) and sonagrams (lower panels) representing down-sweeps (sensu Knörnschild et al., 2013) emitted by the three sympatric Carollia species present at Hitoy Cerere, Costa Rica. A, C, E, parts of a dms bout of Carollia castanea (A), a dms bout of Carollia sowelli (C) and a dms bout of Carollia perspicillata (E) are given. B, D, F, for comparison, two ds syllables of C. castanea (B), two of C. sowelli (D) and four of C. perspicillata (F) are shown. Note that syllable durations and time intervals between syllables are quasi-constant within dms bouts and more variable for sequences of ds syllables.