Fig. 7 in Can You Hear Me Now? A Comparative Survey Of Pinniped Auditory Apparatus Morphology

Fig. 7. Representative Carnivore Basicrania of Types of Auditory Bullae: A — Ursus, representation of Type A; B — Canis, representation of Type B (one third the scale). Al — alisphenoid; Bo — basioccipital; Bs — basisphenoid; Eam — external auditory meatus; Ect — ectotympanic, outlined with red dotted line; Ent — rostral + caudal entotympanic, marked with blue; Exo — exoccipital; Ma — mastoid process of petrosal; P — promontorium; Sq — squamous portion of temporal bone; pos. car. — can. posterior opening of the carotid canal; pos. lac. for. — posterior lacerate foramen which is known as the jugular foramen (modified from Tedford, 1976).